Cardiac Diseases Causing Congestive Heart Failure in Geriatric Dogs and their Diagnostic Approaches
38 / 95
Authors
-
Abhishek Dhiman
-
Pradeep Sharma
-
Deepti Bodh
-
Geetanjali Singh
Keywords:
Geriatric dogs, ECG, Dilated cardiomyopathy, HCMAbstract
In India, congestive heart failure is a prevalent yet frequently unnoticed cause of canine fatalities. The leading contributors to CHF include conditions such as dilated cardiomyopathy, mitral valve disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and pericardial effusion. Detecting CHF in its early stages is crucial, as the majority of cases occur in senior dogs, making early diagnosis essential for improving outcomes. The present study confirmed 24 canines affected with CHF. Cases were confirmed by echocardiography, and six (n=6) healthy dogs were considered for the normal study. The data were statistically analysed and expressed as mean and SE. In the study, approximately 0.93% of the canine population were found to be affected with cardiac disorders. The prominent clinical signs recorded were ascites and exercise intolerance. Radiographs revealed frequent cases of cardiomegaly, ascites, and pericardial effusion. Echocardiographic assessments identified dilated cardiomyopathy as the leading cardiac disorder in dogs, underscoring the importance of early detection and treatment.
Downloads
References
Aiello, S.E., D.G.Moses, P.D.Allen, A.Constable, P.R.Dart, K.E.Davies, P.T.Quesenberry, D.Reeves and J.M.Sharma (2016), Traumatic reticuloperitonitis, The Merck Veterinary Manual, 11th ed., Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA, pp. 230–233.
Ando, T., T.Izawa, H.Nishida and H.Akiyoshi (2023), Clinical findings using echocardiography and plasma cardiac troponin I and pathological findings in dogs with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A retrospective study, Open Vet. J., 13(6): 742–752.
Atkins, C., J.Bonagura, S.Ettinger, P.Fox, S.Gordon, J.Häggström, R.Hamlin, B.Keene, F.V.Luis and R.Stepien (2009), Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of canine chronic valvular heart disease, J. Vet. Intern. Med., 23(6): 1142–1150.
Baisan, R.A., M.Ciocan, O.Birsan and V.Vulpe (2017), Objective assessment of the radiographic cardiac size in dogs: A review of the heart size measurements, Lucr. Stiinţ. Ser. Med. Vet., 2: 16–23.
Boswood, A., J.Häggström, S.G.Gordon, G.Wess, R.L.Stepien and M.A.Oyama (2016), Effect of pimobendan in dogs with preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease and cardiomegaly: The EPIC study—a randomized clinical trial, J. Vet. Intern. Med., 30: 1765–1779.
Diana, A., C.Guglielmini, M.Pietra, M.Di Tommaso and M.Cipone (2009), Use of the vertebral heart score in coughing dogs with chronic degenerative mitral valve disease,
J. Vet. Med. Sci., 71(1): 9–13.
Gradman, A.H. and F.Alfayoumi (2006), From left ventricular hypertrophy to congestive heart failure: Management of hypertensive heart disease, Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis., 48(5): 326–341.
Haritha, G.S., K.S.Kumar, S.Ayodhya and V.V.Kumar (2017), Prevalence of cardiac disorders in canines – a clinical study, Intas Polivet, 18(1): 148–152.
Jeyaraja, K., B.Gowri, A.P.Nambi and K.Vasu (2008), Echocardiographic evaluation of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs, Indian Vet. J., 85: 983–984.
Keene, B.W., C.E.Atkins, J.D.Bonagura, P.R.Fox, J.Häggström, V.L.Fuentes, M.A.Oyama, J.E.Rush, R.Stepien and M.Uechi (2019), ACVIM consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs, J. Vet. Intern. Med., 33(3): 1127– 1140.
Lord, P., C.Carlsson, J.Haggstrom, A.Eriksson and C.Kvart (2009), Size and shape of right heart chambers in mitral valve regurgitation in small-breed dogs, J. Vet. Intern. Med., 23(5): 1007–1013.
Martin, M.W., M.J.Johnson and B.J.Celona (2009), Canine dilated cardiomyopathy: A retrospective study of signalment, presentation and clinical findings in 369 cases, J. Small Anim. Pract., 50: 23–29.
Patowary, P., A.Phukan, B.C.Baishya, U.Barman, A.Das and S.Tamuly (2022), Evaluation of haematological and serum biochemical alterations in dogs affected with congestive heart failure, Indian J. Anim. Res., 56(8): 941–944.
Satish, K.K., K.V.Amruth, P.Nagaraj and R.D.S.Thirumala (2011), Diagnosis of pericardial effusion in dogs, Indian Vet. J., 88: 82–84.
Smith, P. (2006), Management of chronic degenerative mitral valve disease in dogs, In Pract., 28: 376–383.
Sultana, F., B.Changkija, D.Kalita, B.Baishya, A.Das and P.Deka (2019), Evaluation of NT- proBNP as a cardiac biomarker for the early diagnosis of cardiac disease in dogs, Int. J. Lives. Res., 9(10): 86–96.
