Effect of sewage water and potting media on growth and flowering of calendula (Calendula officinalis)
93 / 70
Authors
-
GURJEET SINGH
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, India
Author
-
R.K. DUBEY
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, India
Author
-
MADHU BALA
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, India
Author
-
DEEPIKA RAVI
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, India
Author
-
KRITIKA PANT
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, India
Author
Keywords:
Organic potting media, Treated sewage water, CalendulaAbstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the interactive effect of soil-based and soulless media compositions supplemented with different proportions of treated sewage water on growth and flowering of Calendula officinalis. In this experiment, four media compositions i.e., soil + Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Cocopeat + Soil+ FYM, Cocopeat + FYM and Cocopeat + Soil were used in definite ratios to select an ideal potting media for raising (8-inch pots) potted calendula plants and irrigated with Tap water (100%), Sewage water (100%), Tap water + Sewage water (75%:25%), and Tap water + Sewage water (50%:50%) in 2017-18. Our results showed that media composition comprising M3 Cocopeat + FYM (1:1) showed enhanced growth in studied vegetative and flowering parameters in potted Calendula plants. The Calendula plants grown in M3 media supplemented irrigation treatment I2 showed desirable characteristics necessary as a specimen plant. Furthermore, irrigation with treated sewage water (100%) illustrates the best results in vegetative and flowering growth parameters of calendula plants in comparison to other treatments. Cocopeat + FYM shows the minimum pH (7.23) and maximum EC (4.25) ds/m), percent available N (0.70%), percent available K (0.91%), total porosity (66.6%). The chemical composition of sewage water (100%) shows maximum pH (7.74), EC (2.13 dS/m), N (0.92 mg L–1), P (1.63 mg L–1) and (24.15 mg L–1) whereas Tap water shows minimum N, P and K. This composition of media and sewage water was indicating about the ideal composition to raise calendula seedlings to full-grown floriferous potted plants with all the desirable characteristics essential for a specimen display.
Downloads
References
Asano T. and Levine A.D., 1996. Wastewater reclamation and reuse in Japan. Overview and implementation examples. Wat Sci. Tech., 34: 219-26.
Awang, Y. and Ismail, M., 1997. The growth and flowering of some annual ornamentals on coconut dust. Acta Hortic., 450: 31-38.
Awang, Y., Shaharom, A.S., Mohamad, R.B. and Selamat, A., 2009. Chemical and physical characteristics of cocopeat based media mixtures
and their effects on the growth and development of Celosia cristata. Am. J. Agric. and Biol. Sci., 4(1): 63-71.
Bernstein, N., Bartal, A., Friedman, H., Rot, I., Snir, P., Chazan, A. and Ioffe, M., 2006. Application of treated wastewater for cultivation of roses (Rosa hybrida) in soil less culture. Sci. Hortic., 108: 185-93.
Boodley, J.W., Kumpt, J. and Pollinger, B., 1983. An evaluation of soil vs. peatlite substrate on post production life of selected potted chrysanthemum. Commecticut Greenhouse Newsletter, 117: 11-12.
Cucina, M., Ricci, A., Zadra, C., Pezzolla, D., Tacconi, C., Sordi, S. and Gigliotti, G. 2019. Benefits and risks of long-term recycling of pharmaceutical sewage sludge on agricultural soil. Sci. Total Environ., 695: 133762.
Dubey, R.K., Singh, S., Kukal, S.S. and Kalsi, H.S., 2013. Evaluation of different organic growing media for growth and flowering of petunia. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 44: 1777-1785.
Dudaš, s., šestan. 2014. effect of seedling growing technology and bio-algeen s-90 application on plantlets quality of french marigold (Tagetes patula L.) 'orange boy'. Journal of the Polytechnic of Rijeka., 2: 333-342.
Dutt, M., Patil, M.T. and Sonawane, P.C., 2002. Effect of various substrates on growth and flowering of chrysanthemum. Indian J. Hort., 59: 191-95.
Eftekhari, G., Fallah, A.R., Akbari, G.A., Mohaddesi, A. and Allahdadi, I., 2010. Effect of phosphate solubilising bacteria and phosphate fertilizer on rice growth parameters. Iranian J. Soil Res. (Soil and Water Sci.), 23: 94-96.
Eid, E.M., Kumar, P., Adelodun, B., Choi, K.S., Singh, J., Kumari, S. and Kumar, V., 2021. Modeling of mineral elements uptake and localization in
cabbage inflorescence (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) grown on sugar mill pressmud-amended soils. Environ. Monit. Assess., 193: 586.
Feigin, A., Ravina, I. and Shalhevet, J., 1991. Irrigation with treated sewage effluents. In: Management for Environmental Protection. Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences, Springer-Verlag.
Geng, H., Xu, Y., Zheng, L., Gong, H., Dai, L. and Dai, X., 2020. An overview of removing heavy metals from sewage sludge: Achievements and
perspectives. Environ. Pollut., 266: 115375
Gupta, Y.C., Dein, L.Q., Dhiman, S.R. and Jain, R., 2004. Standardization of growing media under protected environment for gerbera in mid hill of Himachal Pradesh. J. Orna. Hort., 7: 99-102.
Jones, E.R., Van Vliet, M.T.H., Qadir, M. and Bierkens, M.F.P., 2021 Country-level and gridded estimates of wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse, 13: 237-254.
Kale, R.D., Jagtap, K.B. and Badgujar, C.D., 2009. Effect of different containers and growing med, ia on yield and quality parameters of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hooker F.) under protected cultivation. J. Ornam. Hortic., 12: 261-264.
Kameswari, P., Lalitha, G. A. and Padmavathamma A. S., 2014. Effect of different potting media mixtures on growth and flowering of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora T.). Prog. Hort., 46(2): 314-18.
Kapoor, M., Grewal, H.S. and Arora, J.S., 2015. Effect of media on propagation of Lilium. J. Ornamental Hort. New Series., 3: 58-59.
Kaur, A., Dubey R.K. and Singh S., 2015. Effect of different potting media on growth and flowering of Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln.). Indian J. Hort., 72(3): 388-91.
Kaur, R. and Singh, P., 2023. Effect of potting media on plant growth and flower yield in Dendrobium orchid cv. Sonia Red under High-Tech polyhouse.
Kehrein, P., Van Loosdrecht, M., Osseweijer, P., Garfí,M., Dewulf, J. and Posada, J.A. 2020. Critical review of resource recovery from municipal
wastewater treatment plants-market supply potentials, technologies and bottlenecks. Environ. Sci. Water Res. Technol., 6: 877-910.
Khalid, M., Elhindi, Fahed, A. Al-Mana, Abdullah, M., Algahtani, A. and Majed A. Alotaibi. 2020. Effect of irrigation with saline magnetized water and different soil amendments on growth and flower production of Calendula officinalis L. plants., 27: 3072-3078.
Kominko, H., Gorazda, K., Wzorek, Z. and Wojtas, K., 2018. Sustainable Management of Sewage Sludge for the Production of Organo-Mineral Fertilizers. Waste Biomass Valorization, 9: 1817-1826.
Kumar, R., Singh, A.K., Tomar, K.S. and Gupta, A.K., 2022. effects of different media on growth and flowering traits of calendula officinalis l.
Bangladesh J. Bot., 51(3): 417-424, 2022
Mann, G. S., Dubey, R. K., Singh, S., Deepika, R., Singh, D. and Kaur, N., 2023. Effect of growing media on growth and flowering of potted marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) irrigated with treated sewage water. Journal of Plant Nutrition, pp. 1-14.
Mansoora, N., Kausar, S., Amjad, S.F., Yaseen, S., Shahid, H., tul Kubra, K., Alamri, S.A.M., Alrumman, S.A., Eid, E.M. and Mustafa, G., 2021.
Application of sewage sludge combined with thiourea improves the growth and yield attributes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under arsenic- contaminated soil. PLoS ONE, 16: e0259289
Markowicz, A., Bondarczuk, K., Cyco½, M. and Sulowicz, S., 2021. Land application of sewage sludge: Response of soil microbial communities and potential spread of antibiotic resistance. Environ. Pollut., 271: 116317.
Nair, S.A. and Bharathi, T.U., 2015. Influence of potting media composition on pot mum production. An International Quarterly Journal of Life Sciences, 10: 73-76.
Nair, S.A. and Bharathi, T.U. 2019, Standardization of substrate composition for pot plant production of Tuberose var. Arka Sugandhi. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 8: 2197-2203.
Padhiyar, B.M., Bhatt, D.S., Desai, K., Patel, V.H. and Chavda, J.R. 2017. Influence of different potting media on growth and flowering of pot
Chrysanthemum var. Ajina Purple. Int. J. Chem. Stud., 5: 1667-1669.
Qadir, M., Wichelns, D. and Raschid-sally, L., 2010. The challenges of wastewater irrigation in developing countries. Agric. Water Manag., 97: 561-568.
Re, T.A., Mooney, D., Antignac, E., Dufour, E., Bark, I., Srinivasan, V. and Nohynek, G. 2009. Application of the threshold of toxicological concern approach for the safety evaluation of calendula flower (Calendula officinalis) petals and extracts used in cosmetic and personal care products. Food Chem. Toxicol., 47: 1246-1254.
Riaz, A., Arshad, M., Younis, A., Raza, A. and Hameed, M., 2008. Effects of different growing media on growth and flowering of Zinnia elegans cv. Blue point. Pakist J. Bot., 40(4): 1579-85.
Riaz, A., Younis, A., Ghani, I., Tariq, U. and Ahsan, M., 2015. Agricultural waste as growing media component for the growth and flowering of Gerbera Jamesonii cv. hybrid mix. Int. J. Recycling Org. Waste Agric., 4: 197-204.
Shadanpour, F., Mohammadi, T.A. and Hashemi, M.K. 2011. The effect of cow manure vermicompost as the planting medium on the growth of Marigold. Ann. Biol. Res., 2(6): 109-115.
Shilpashree, K.G., Prasad, K.V., Safeena, S.A., Saha, T.N., Ganesh, B.K., Gupta, N. and Pritam, R.J. 2021. Effect of potting media containing industrial by-product on growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum cv. Basanti. Indian J. Hortic., 78: 221-226.
Silveira, M.L.A., L.R.F. Alleoni and L.R.G. Guilherme. 2003. Sewage sludge and heavy metals in soils. Scientia Agricola, 60(4): 793-806. doi: 10.1590/S0103-90162003000400029.
Simões, Neri, F.C., Usberti, J.A., Usberti, R. De Oliveira Paiva, P. 2012. Morpho-agronomic trait comparisons among Tagetes patula L. cultivars.
Revista Brasileira de Horticultura Ornamental, 18(1).
Singh, S., Dubey, R.K. and Kukal S.S. 2015. Performance of cocopeat amended media mixtures on growth and flowering of chrysanthemum. J.
Applied Hort., 17: 230-35.
Sundaramoorthy, P., Ganesh, S.K., Rajesekaran, S., Baskaran, L., Sumathi, K. and Unnikannan, P. 2008. Effect of sewage on vegetative growth and flowering yield of African mariegold (Tageteserrecia L.). Ecol. Envir. and Conserv. Pap., 14(4): 567-70.
Thakur, R., Dubey R.K., Kukal, S.S. and Singh, S., 2013. evaluation of different organic potting media on growth and flowering of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). J. Orna. Hort., 6(1-2): 57-63.
Thakur, T. and Grewal, H.S., 2019. Influence of potting media compositions on flower production of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema morifolium Ramat) cultivar Kikiobiory. J. Plant Nutr., 42: 1861-1867.
Treder, J. 2008. The effects of CP and fertilization on the growth and flowering of oriental lily 'star gazer'. J. Fruit Orn. Plant Res., 16: 361-370.
Turek, A., Wieczorek, K. and Wolf, W.M. 2019. Digestion procedure and determination of heavy metals in sewage sludge-an analytical problem.
Sustainability, 11: 1753.
Younis, A., Riaz, A., Mushtaq, N., Tahir, Z. and Siddique, M.I. 2015. Evaluation of the suitability of sewage and recycled water for irrigation of ornamental plants. Comm. Soil Sci. Pl. Anal., 46: 62-79.
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Ornamental Horticulture
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.