Situational analysis of mushroom success story in Bihar: From humble beginning to India’s leader

Abstract

India ranks fourth worldwide in mushroom production, recording a total output of 351.08 thousand MT during 2023–24. Since 2021–22, Bihar has emerged as the frontrunner in this sector, witnessing remarkable growth in mushroom production from merely 0.06 thousand MT in 2013–14 to 42.19 thousand MT in 2023–24, reflecting an exceptional CAGR of 92.62%. This rapid expansion has positioned Bihar as the leading mushroom-producing state in the country, contributing 12.02% of India’s total mushroom production. The Cuddy–Della Valle Index indicated a high level of instability in Bihar’s mushroom production, with an index value of 84.03%, which reflects the rapid and exponential nature of its growth. Further, exponential growth analysis demonstrated a close correspondence between actual and estimated production values, as the predicted production of 42.65 thousand MT closely aligned with the observed output of 42.19 thousand MT in 2023–24. The substantial growth in mushroom production has been supported by various government initiatives, including the Integrated Development of Horticulture and Mushroom Kit Vitaran Scheme, along with the efforts of institutions such as Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University in promoting mushroom cultivation through training and extension activities. Continued governmental support under the upcoming Bihar Krishi Roadmap, coupled with sustained training programmes for landless and marginal farmers by the University and other extension agencies, is expected to maintain the current exponential growth trajectory in mushroom production.