POTATO LATE BLIGHT CAUSED BY PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS: BIOLOGY,EPIDEMIOLOGY, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
33 / 17
Authors
-
Sujata Bashyal
Tribhuvan University, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science
Abstract
Potato late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, remains one of the most
destructive diseases affecting global potato production, resulting in substantial yield and economic
losses. This review summarizes the pathogen’s biology, disease cycle, epidemiology, host–pathogen
interactions, and current diagnostic approaches, along with major management strategies, including
cultural practices, host resistance, biological control, botanical extracts, chemical control, disease
forecasting, and integrated disease management. It also highlights the impacts of climate change
on disease distribution and severity, as well as recent advances in molecular breeding, genome
editing, and precision agriculture. Overall, sustainable management of potato late blight requires
integrating resistant cultivars, environmentally friendly control measures, disease forecasting, and
judicious fungicide use. Continued research on durable resistance, climate-smart management, and
emerging biotechnological tools will be essential to enhance potato resilience and ensure future
food security.
Downloads
References
Abuley, I. K., & Hansen, J. G. (2021). An epidemiological
analysis of the dilemma of plant age and late blight
(Phytophthora infestans) susceptibility in potatoes.
European Journal of Plant Pathology, 161(3), 645–663.
doi.org (p. 1)
Abuley, I. K., & Hansen, J. G. (2022). Characterization of
the level and type of resistance of potato varieties
to late blight (Phytophthora infestans). Phytopathology,
112(9), 1917–1927. (p. 1)
Adhikari, M., Shrestha, S., Manandhar, H., & Aryal,
L. (2023). Integrated management of late blight of
potato in Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal. Nepal Agriculture
Research Journal, 15(1), 106–114. doi.org (p. 1)
Adolf, B., Andrade-Piedra, J., Bittara Molina, F.,
Przetakiewicz, J., Hausladen, H., Kromann, P., Lees,
A., Lindqvist-Kreuze, H., Perez, W., & Secor, G.
A. (2020). Fungal, oomycete, and plasmodiophorid
diseases of potato. In J. Andrade-Piedra et al. (Eds.),
The Potato Crop (pp. 307–350). Springer. doi.org (p.
1) [1]
Agho, C. A., Runno-Paurson, E., Tähtjärv, T., Kaurilind,
E., & Niinemets, Ü. (2023). Variation in leaf volatile
emissions in potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars
with different late blight resistance. Plants, 12(11),
2100. doi.org (p. 1)
Al Harethi, A. A., Abdullah, Q. Y. M., Al Jobory, H. J.,
Al Aquil, S. A., & Arafa, R. A. (2023). First report
of molecular identification of Phytophthora infestans
causing potato late blight in Yemen. Scientific Reports,
13(1), 16365. doi.org (p. 1)
Ali, F., Rehman, A., Hameed, A., Sarfraz, S., Rajput, N.
A., & Atiq, M. (2024). Climate change impact on
plant pathogen emergence: Artificial intelligence
(AI) approach. In Plant Quarantine Challenges under
Climate Change Anxiety (pp. 165–185). Springer. doi.
org (pp. 1-2)
Andrivon, D. (1995). Biology, ecology, and epidemiology
of the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora
infestans in soil. Phytopathology, 85(10), 1053–1059.
doi.org (p. 2)
Arora, R., Sharma, S., & Singh, B. (2014). Late blight
disease of potato and its management. Potato Journal,
41(1), 16–41. https://icar.org.in (p. 2)
Asakaviciute, R., Zelya, A., Andriychuk, T., & Razukas,
A. (2025). Evaluation of potato varieties for yield,
quality, and late blight resistance. Life, 15(9), 1378.
doi.org (p. 2)
Avrova, A. O., Boevink, P. C., Young, V., Grenville‐
Briggs, L. J., West, P. van, Paul, & Whisson, S. C.
(2008). A novel Phytophthora infestans haustoriumspecific
membrane protein is required for infection
of potato. Cellular Microbiology, 10(11), 2271–2284.
doi.org (p. 2)
Babarinde, S. O., Khalil Al-Mughrabi, Burlakoti, R.
R., Peters, R. D., Asiedu, S. K., & Balakrishnan
Prithiviraj. (2025). Current understanding and future
perspectives on pathogen biology and management
of potato and tomato late blight (Phytophthora
infestans) in Canada. Canadian Journal of Plant
Pathology, 1–21. doi.org (p. 2)
Bagchi, P., Sawicka, B., Stamenkovic, Z., Marković, D., &
Bhattacharjee, D. (2024). Potato late blight outbreak:
A study on advanced classification models based
on meteorological data. Sensors, 24(23), 7864. doi.
org (p. 2)
Bansal, A., Biswas, S. K., Kumar, S., Kumar, R., Kumar,
R., & Rahmani, U. (2022). Development of suitable
IDM module against late blight of potato caused
by Phytophthora infestans under climate change.
Development, 53(08). (p. 3)
Berindean, I. V., Taoutaou, A., Rida, S., Ona, A. D.,
Stefan, M. F., Costin, A., Racz, I., & Muntean, L.
(2024). Modern breeding strategies and tools for
durable late blight resistance in potato. Plants, 13(12),
1711. doi.org (p. 3)
Bibi, A., Ullah, I., Aftab, S., Amin, I., Bibi, B., & Schneiter,
R. (2026). Genome editing of susceptibility gene
StDND2 enhances Phytophthora resistance in Solanum
tuberosum. Frontiers in Plant Science, 17, Article
1807632. doi.org (p. 3) [1]
Biri, B., Fininsa, C., Terefe, H., Bekeko, Z., & Mohammed,
A. (2025). Temporal epidemics of potato late blight
(Phytophthora infestans) in major potato growing
areas of Ethiopia. American Journal of Potato Research,
103(1), 95–107. doi.org (p. 3)
Bourki, H. El, Hamdache, A., Bagayou, A., Diane, Y.,
& Ezziyyani, M. (2026). Advances in sustainable
management of potato late blight (Phytophthora
infestans): Resistance breeding, molecular diagnostics
and integrated control strategies. Potato Research,
69(4). doi.org (p. 3)
Bregant, C., Rossetto, G., Sasso, N., Montecchio, L.,
Maddau, L., & Linaldeddu, B. T. (2024). Diversity
and distribution of Phytophthora species across
different types of riparian vegetation in Italy with
the description of Phytophthora heteromorpha sp. nov.
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary
Microbiology, 74(2). doi.org (p. 3)
CABI. (2025). Late blight: Causes, symptoms, cycle and
solutions. CABI BioProtection Portal. https://
bioprotectionportal.com/resources/late-blightcauses-
symptoms-and-solutions/
C. Café-Filho, A., Alberto Lopes, C., & Rossato, M.
(2019). Management of plant disease epidemics with
irrigation practices. In Irrigation in Agroecosystems.
IntechOpen. doi.org (p. 3)
Cabrera, H., Otiniano, R., Pando, R., Garcia, H. S.,
Rodriguez, W. H., Pérez, J. M., de Haan, S., &
Gastelo, M. (2025). INIA 333 – CHUGAY: A new
potato variety resilient to climate change for the
family farming system with tolerance to frost,
resistant to late blight and high quality for fresh
consumption. American Journal of Potato Research,
102(2), 119–128. doi.org (p. 4)
Chakrabarti, S., Sharma, S., & Shah, M. H. (2022). Potato
pests and diseases: A global perspective. Springer
eBooks, 1–23. doi.org (p. 4)
Chakraborty, A., Murmu, S., & Siddiki, A. H. (2022).
Varietal reaction of potato against late and early
blight diseases under West Bengal condition.
Biological Forum – An International Journal, 14(2),
1358–1361.
Chulda, K. C., Mengesha, G. G., & Wotango, A. W.
(2021). Effects of planting dates and potato (Solanum
tuberosum L.) genotypes on late blight caused by
Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary epidemics,
growth and tuber yields in Southern Ethiopia. Journal
of Agricultural Science and Practice, 6(3), 67–78. doi.
org (p. 4)
Cropscience. (2025). Late blight knowledge hub. Bayer
Crop Science UK. https://cropscience.bayer.co.uk/
late-blight/
Cwalina-Ambroziak, B., Damszel, M. M., & Głosek-
Sobieraj, M. (2015). The effect of biological and
chemical control agents on the health status of the
very early potato cultivar Rosara. Journal of Plant
Protection Research, 55(4), 389–395. doi.org (p. 4)
Daaboub, A., Radouane, N., Tahiri, A., Belabess, Z.,
Amiri, S., Kowalska, J., & Lahlali, R. (2022). Biological
control using beneficial microorganisms as an
alternative to synthetic fungicides for managing
late blight disease. Potato Research, 65(4), 991–1013.
doi.org (p. 4)
Dechen Angmo, Sat Pal Sharma, & Kalia, A. (2023).
Breeding strategies for late blight resistance in potato
crop: Recent developments. Molecular Biology Reports,
50(9), 7879–7891. doi.org (p. 4)
Demis Gedlu, Hailu, N., & Habtamu Kefelegn. (2022).
Integrated management of potato late blight
(Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary) through
resistant varieties and fungicides in North Shewa,
Ethiopia. Journal of Plant Pathology, 105(1), 95–106.
doi.org (pp. 4-5)
Demissie, Y. T. (2019). Integrated potato (Solanum
tuberosum L.) late blight (Phytophthora infestans)
disease management in Ethiopia. American Journal
of BioScience, 7(6), 123. doi.org (p. 5)
Deng, L., Hao, J., Feng, J., Zhao, J., Dao, J., Xu, G., Zhou,
K., Xu, Y., Wang, W., Zhang, S., Liu, C., Chen, M.,
Yang, Y., & Liu, X. (2025). Transcriptomic analysis
of Phytophthora infestans races and evaluation of their
pathogenicity on potato. BMC Plant Biology, 25(1),
716. doi.org (p. 5)
Dey, U., Sarkar, S., Sehgal, M., Awasthi, D. P., De, B.,
Dutta, P., Majumdar, S., Pal, P., Chander, S., Sharma,
Ph. R., & Mohanty, A. K. (2024). Integrating weather
indices with field performance of novel fungicides
for management of late blight of potato (Phytophthora
infestans) in North Eastern Himalayan Region of
India. PLOS ONE, 19(12), e0310868. doi.org (p. 5)
Dey, U., Sarkar, S., Sehgal, M., Majumdar, S., Awasthi,
D. P., Acharya, L. K., Dutta, P., Chander, S., & Saha,
R. K. (2024). Management of late blight (Phytophthora
infestans) of potato (Solanum tuberosum) through
efficient spray schedule of fungicides in the northeastern
Himalayan region of India. The Indian Journal
of Agricultural Sciences, 94(8), 841–846. doi.org (p. 5)
Dong, S., & Zhou, S. (2022). Potato late blight caused by
Phytophthora infestans: From molecular interactions
to integrated management strategies. Journal of
Integrative Agriculture, 21(12). doi.org (p. 5)
Fan, S.-B., Xie, M., Xiang, Z.-L., Xu, T.-X., Wang, W.-
J., Wang, Z.-H., Hu, H.-L., Chen, L.-X., Tang, L.,
Zhan, J.-S., & Yang, L.-N. (2025). Rise and fall of
Phytophthora infestans resistance to non-specific
fungicide in experimental populations. Journal of
Fungi, 11(9), 643. doi.org (pp. 5-6)
Fry, W. (2008). Phytophthora infestans: The plant (and
R gene) destroyer. Molecular Plant Pathology, 9(3),
385–402. doi.org (p. 6)
Fry, W. E. (2016). Phytophthora infestans: New tools (and
old ones) lead to new understanding and precision
management. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 54(1),
529–547. doi.org (p. 6)
Gastelo, M., Pérez, W., Eyzaguirre, R., Quispe, K.,
Sanabria, K., Bastos, C., Otiniano, R., Pérez, J. M.,
Mendoza, A., Unda, T., & Andrade, J. (2024). New
potato varieties resistant to late blight and with high
quality for French fries generated in Peru. Potato
Research, 67(4), 1435–1468. doi.org (p. 6)
Ghorbani, R., Wilcockson, S. J., Giotis, C., & Leifert, C.
(2004). Potato late blight management in organic
agriculture. Outlooks on Pest Management, 15(4),
176–180. doi.org (p. 6)
González-Jiménez, J., Andersson, B., Wiik, L., & Zhan,
J. (2023). Modelling potato yield losses caused by
Phytophthora infestans: Aspects of disease growth
rate, infection time and temperature under climate
change. Field Crops Research, 299, 108977. doi.org
(p. 6)
Goutam, U., Thakur, K., Salaria, N., & Kukreja, S.
(2018). Recent approaches for late blight disease
management of potato caused by Phytophthora
infestans. Springer eBooks, 311–325. doi.org (p. 6)
Hannukkala, A. O., Kaukoranta, T., Lehtinen, A., &
Rahkonen, A. (2006). Late‐blight epidemics on
potato in Finland, 1933–2002; increased and earlier
occurrence of epidemics associated with climate
change and lack of rotation. Plant Pathology, 56(1),
167–176. doi.org (p. 7)
Hari, A., Echchgadda, G., Benjelloun, M., Lahmamsi, H.,
Belabess, Z., Laasli, S.-E., Mokrini, F., Lazraq, A., &
Lahlali, R. (2025). Sustainable plant-based control
strategies for late blight disease of potato. CABI
Reviews. doi.org (p. 7)
Homulle, Z., Anten, N. P. R., Kessel, G. J. T., Stomph,
T. J., van der Werf, W., & Douma, J. C. (2024). The
potential of strip cropping to suppress potato late
blight. Field Crops Research, 318, 109595. doi.org
(p. 7)
Hu, C.-H., Govers, F., Carbone, I., & Ristaino, J. B. (2022).
Gene flow of Phytophthora infestans between refuse
piles, and organic and conventional potato fields
in Southern Flevoland, The Netherlands. Potato
Research, 66(3), 701–721. doi.org (p. 7)
Hu, X., Jiang, H., Liu, Z., Gao, M., Liu, G., Tian, S.,
& Zeng, F. (2025). The global potato-processing
industry: A review of production, products, quality
and sustainability. Foods, 14(10), 1758. doi.org (p. 7)
Inam-ul-Haq, Rasheed, A., & Khan, S. A. (2008). Relative
efficacy of various fungicides, chemicals and
biochemical against late blight of potato. Pakistan
Journal of Phytopathology. (p. 7)
Islam, S., Eusufzai, T. K., Ansarey, F. H., Hasan, M. M.,
& Nahiyan, A. S. M. (2022). A breeding approach to
enhance late blight resistance in potato. The Journal of
Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 97(6), 719–729.
doi.org (p. 8)
Izbiańska, K., Floryszak-Wieczorek, J., Gajewska, J.,
Meller, B., Kuźnicki, D., & Arasimowicz-Jelonek,
M. (2018). RNA and mRNA nitration as a novel
metabolic link in potato immune response to
Phytophthora infestans. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9.
doi.org (p. 8)
Jin, L., Feng, S., Tang, S., Dong, P., & Li, Z. (2023).
Biological control of potato late blight with a
combination of Streptomyces strains and biochar.
Biological Control, 183, 105248. doi.org (p. 8)
Johnson, D. A. (2010). Transmission of Phytophthora
infestans from infected potato seed tubers to emerged
shoots. Plant Disease, 94(1), 18–23. doi.org (p. 8)
Judelson, H. S. (Ed.). (2014). Genomics of plant-associated
fungi and oomycetes: Dicot pathogens. Springer. (p. 8)
Judelson, H. S., & Ah-Fong, A. M. (2010). The kinome
of Phytophthora infestans reveals oomycete-specific
innovations and links to other taxonomic groups.
BMC Genomics, 11(1). doi.org (p. 8)
Juárez, H. S., Amaro, J. R., Rivera, M. D., Párraga, A., &
Hijmans, R. J. (1999). The effect of nitrogen fertilization
on potato late blight in the field. ResearchGate.
researchgate.net (p. 8)
Kefelegn, H., Chala, A., Kassa, B., & Tiwari, P. K. (2012).
Evaluation of different potato variety and fungicide
combinations for the management of potato late
blight (Phytophthora infestans) in Southern Ethiopia.
International Journal of Life Sciences, 1(1), 8–15.
(p. 9)
Keijzer, P., van Bueren, E. T. L., Engelen, C. J. M., &
Hutten, R. C. B. (2021). Breeding late blight resistant
potatoes for organic farming—A collaborative
model of participatory plant breeding: The
Bioimpuls project. Potato Research, 65(2), 349–377.
doi.org (p. 9)
Khadka, R. B., Chaulagain, B., Subedi, S., Marasini, M.,
Rawal, R., Pathak, N., Gautam, I. P., Chapagain,
T. R., Khatri, B. B., & Sharma‐Poudyal, D. (2020).
Evaluation of fungicides to control potato late
blight (Phytophthora infestans) in the plains of
Nepal. Journal of Phytopathology, 168(5), 245–253.
doi.org (p. 9)
Kilonzi, J. M., Nyongesa, M. W., Amata, R. L., Pwaipwai,
P., Githui, D., Omondi, S., Lusike, W., Kirugua,
V., & Mafurah, J. J. (2024). Combined effects of
fungicides formulations and potato varieties on
late blight management, yield and net farm income
in Kenya. European Journal of Plant Pathology. doi.
org (p. 9)
Kumar, D., & Mukhopadhyay, R. (2024). Climate change
and plant pathogens: Understanding dynamics,
risks and mitigation strategies. Plant Pathology.
doi.org (p. 9)
Kumar, S. P., Srinivasulu, A., & Babu, K. R. (2018).
Symptomology of major fungal diseases on tomato
and its management. Journal of Pharmacognosy and
Phytochemistry, 7(6), 1817–1821. phytojournal.com
(p. 10)
Lal, M., Sharma, S., Yadav, S., & Kumar, S. (2018).
Management of late blight of potato. In M. Yildiz
(Ed.), Potato - From Incas to All Over the World.
IntechOpen. doi.org (p. 10)
Lamichhane, S., Neupane, S., Timsina, S., Chapagain,
B., Paudel, P. P., & Rimal, A. (2024). Potato late
blight caused by Phytophthora infestans; an overview on
pathology, integrated disease management approaches,
and forecasting models. SSRN. ssrn.com (p. 10)
Leesutthiphonchai, W., Vu, A. L., Ah-Fong, A. M. V.,
& Judelson, H. S. (2018). How does Phytophthora
infestans evade control efforts? Modern insight
into the late blight disease. Phytopathology®, 108(8),
916–924. doi.org (p. 10)
Majeed, A., Muhammad, Z., Ullah, Z., Ullah, R., &
Ahmad, H. (2017). Late blight of potato (Phytophthora
infestans) I: Fungicides application and associated
challenges. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science
and Technology, 5(3), 261. doi.org (p. 10)
Manju, E. B. T., Toh, B. N., & Arrey, D. B. (2024).
Evaluation of plant extracts and tissue culture
cultivars in the control of potato late blight disease.
Journal of Yeast and Fungal Research. (p. 10)
Maurya, M. K., Ram, C. N., Singh, S. K., Dalal, P. K.,
Singh, V., Kumar, H., Kumar, G., & Singh, D.
(2025). Late blight of potato caused by Phytophthora
infestans and its integrated management: A review.
Agricultural Reviews. doi.org (p. 11)
Mehmood, B., Azad, A., Rahim, N., Arif, S., Khan,
M. R., Hussain, A., Tariq-Khan, M., Younis, M.
T., Bashir, A., Ahmed, S., Khan, J. R., Tariq, S.,
& Jamil, M. (2022). Management of late blight of
potato caused by Phytophthora infestans through
botanical aqueous extracts. International Journal of
Phytopathology, 11(1), 35–42. doi.org (p. 11)
Melhus, I. E. (1915). Germination and infection with
the fungus of the late blight of potato (Phytophthora
infestans). Agricultural Experiment Station of the
University of Wisconsin. (p. 11)
Meno, L., Escuredo, O., Seijo, M. C., Castaño-Serna, J.,
& Abuley, I. K. (2025). Innovative approaches in
potato late blight management: Forecast models
supported by meteorological and aerobiological
data. Potato Research, 68(4), 4889–4907. doi.org
(p. 11)
Mizubuti, E., & Fry, W. (2006). Potato late blight. In B.
Cooke, D. Jones, & B. Kaye (Eds.), The Epidemiology
of Plant Diseases (pp. 305–320). Springer, Dordrecht.
doi.org (p. 11) [1]
Mohaimin, A. Z. A., Krishnamoorthy, S., & Shivanand,
P. (2023). A critical review on bioaerosols—
Dispersal of crop pathogenic microorganisms and
their impact on crop yield. Brazilian Journal of
Microbiology, 55(1), 587–628. doi.org (p. 11)
Mugao, L. G. (2023). Morphological and molecular
variability of Alternaria solani and Phytophthora
infestans causing tomato blights. International Journal
of Microbiology, 2023, 1–8. doi.org (p. 12)
Musa, T., Kägi, A., Gütlin, H., Schnée, S., Massana-
Codina, J., & Sullam, K. E. (2025). Potato late blight
control with a botanical product and reduced copper
applications. Plant Disease, 109(11), 2309–2320. doi.
org (p. 12)
Naim, Y. B., & Cohen, Y. (2023). Replacing mancozeb
with alternative fungicides for the control of late
blight in potato. Journal of Fungi, 9(11), 1046. doi.
org (p. 12)
Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC). (2023).
Multi-location trials of “Khumal Ujjwal” potato
genotypes under high natural regional epiphytotic
pressure. In National Potato Research Program Report.
(p. 12)
Paluchowska, P., Śliwka, J., & Yin, Z. (2022). Late blight
resistance genes in potato breeding. Planta, 255(6).
doi.org (p. 12)
Phungula, N. P. M., Hadebe, S. T., Schulte-Geldermann,
E., Sithole, L., & Ngobese, N. Z. (2025). The response
of potato late blight to the integration of selected
potato cultivars, fungicides and mulch at different
levels, and localities. European Journal of Plant
Pathology, 172(3), 631–645. doi.org (p. 12)
Purwanti, T. S., Syafrial, S., Huang, W.-C., & Saeri,
M. (2022). What drives climate change adaptation
practices in smallholder farmers? Evidence from
potato farmers in Indonesia. Atmosphere, 13(1), 113.
doi.org (p. 12)
Pushpalatha, R., Santhosh Mithra, V., Sunitha, S., George,
J., Nedunchezhiyan, M., Mamatha, K., Ashok, P.,
Alam, S., Saud, B., Tarafdar, J., Mitra, S., Deo, C.,
Velmurugan, M., Suja, G., Ravi, V., & Gangadharan,
B. (2021). Impact of climate change on the yield of
tropical root and tuber crops vs. rice and potato
in India. Food Security, 14(2), 495–508. doi.org (pp.
12-13)
Põldmets, M., Koppel, M., Puidet, B., Abuley, I. K., Belle,
N., Lynott, J., Hansen, J. G., Hausladen, H., Hokka,
M., Lukkala, R., Mäenpää, J., Meno, L., Grenville-
Briggs, L., Dotson, B. R., Ravnskov, S., & Lees, A.
(2025). Use of biological control agents and plant
resistance inducers for the control of potato late
blight (Phytophthora infestans). Potato Research. doi.
org (p. 13)
Rahman, H., Akter, A., Rahman, M. M., Islam, M. M.,
Momotaz, R., Tabassum, T. H., Nazneen, M., &
Sarker, S. (2026). Assessing the effectiveness of
new fungicides against potato late blight disease
(Phytophthora infestans). Research & Reviews: Journal
of Agricultural Science and Technology. doi.org
(p. 13)
Raza, W., Ghazanfar, M. U., Asif, M., Haq, I., Zakria, M.,
& Khalil, L. (2022). Morphological characterization
of Phytophthora infestans and its growth on different
growth media. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 38(4).
doi.org (p. 13)
Rhouma, A., Hajji-Hedfi, L., & Atallaoui, K. (2024).
Potato late blight: The pathogen, the menace, the
sustainable control. DYSONA – Life Science, 5(1),
37. doi.org (p. 13)
Ritchie, F., Sapelli, L., Smith, J. A., Paveley, N. D., Lees,
A. K., Bain, R. A., & Ritchie, J. M. (2025). Testing the
Taguchi method to design and analyze integrated
disease management strategies, for the control of
late blight (Phytophthora infestans) on potato. Pest
Management Science, 81(4), 2337–2436. doi.org (pp.
13-14)
Sahito, Z. A., Mangal, V., Nkurikiyimfura, O.,
Abouelgalagel, I. M., Singh, S. K., Sood, S., Zhao,
Z., Bai, J., & Pan, Z. (2026). Advancing breeding
strategies for late blight resistance in potatoes.
American Journal of Potato Research. doi.org (p. 14)
Sahu, N. (2012). Cultural management of late blight of potato.
PlantwisePlus Knowledge Bank. doi.org (p. 14)
Saxena, A., Hashmi, S., Hashmi, M., Singh, S., & Singh,
D. (2025). Organic management strategies for
controlling late blight of potato (Solanum tuberosum
L.) caused by Phytophthora infestans in organic
farming system. Journal of Experimental Agriculture
International, 47(10), 303–311. (p. 14)
Shebannavar, M. N., Divya, V., Rajeshwari, R. K.,
Reddy, B. A., & CG, S. (2022). Evaluation of
different botanicals for the management of late
blight (Phytophthora infestans) of potato in Karnataka.
Biological Forum – An International Journal, 14(4),
1182–1187. (p. 14)
Siddique, N. A., & Aktar, M. S. (2016). Comparative
efficacy of different fungicides against late blight
diseases of potato incited by Phytophthora infestans
(Mont.) de Bary and its management. Journal
of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, 7(7). doi.org
(p. 14)
Subhash, B., Dutt, S., & Kumar, M. (2020). Potatoes for
food and nutritional security. Springer eBooks, 1–12.
doi.org (p. 14)
Singh, B., Mangal, V., & Lal, M. (2026). Kufri ratan: A new
red skin potato variety. Potato Journal, 53(1), 45–52.
Singh, S., Hu, X., & Dixelius, C. (2026). A Phytophthora
infestans CRN1-derived small RNA is predicted to
target the potato immune regulator EDS1. Frontiers
in Plant Science, 17, Article 1791978. doi.org (p.
15) [1]
Skrobacz, K., Szostek, M., & Balawejder, M. (2026).
Field-based evaluation of reactive oxygen species
treatments and fungicide protections in potato:
Effects on late blight, plant nutritional status,
yield, and tuber quality. Agronomy, 16(9), 912. doi.
org (p. 15)
Slininger, P. J., Schisler, D. A., Ericsson, L. D., Brandt,
T. L., Frazier, M. J., Woodell, L. K., Olsen, N. L., &
Kleinkopf, G. E. (2007). Biological control of postharvest
late blight of potatoes. Biocontrol Science and
Technology, 17(6), 647–663. doi.org (p. 15)
Soytong, K., & Ratanacherdchai, K. (2023). Application
of mycofungicide to control late blight of potato.
International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 1(1),
19–32. tci-thaijo.org (p. 15)
Tadiye, D., Bekeko, Z., & Kassa, B. (2026). Farmers’
knowledge on management of potato late blight
[Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary] in Central
Highlands of Ethiopia. Journal of Crop Health, 78(2).
doi.org (p. 15)
Tian, P., Zheng, J., Wang, B., Jiao, W., Sang, J.,
Ma, Z., Han, P., Zhang, H., Song, Y., Meng,Y., & Shan, W. (2025). Genome-wide DNA
methylation landscape and its association with
the transcriptome reprogramming in potato
in response to Phytophthora infestans infection.
Horticulture Research, 13(2), Article uhaf297. doi.
org (p. 15) [1]
Tiwari, I., Shah, K. K., Tripathi, S., Modi, B., Subedi, S.,
& Shrestha, J. (2021). Late blight of potato and its
management through the application of different
fungicides and organic amendments: A review.
Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 4(1),
301–320. doi.org (p. 15)
Tsedaley, B. (2014). Late blight of potato (Phytophthora
infestans) biology, economic importance and
its management approaches. Journal of Biology,
Agriculture and Healthcare, 4(25), 215–225. (p. 16)
Tzelepis, G., Hodén, K. P., Fogelqvist, J., Åsman,
A. K. M., Vetukuri, R. R., & Dixelius, C. (2020).
Dominance of mating type A1 and indication of
epigenetic effects during early stages of mating
in Phytophthora infestans. Frontiers in Microbiology,
11. doi.org (p. 16)
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
Research Service (USDA-ARS). (2024). Integration
of the RB resistance gene into standard commercial
germplasm: Multi-state late blight evaluation
metrics. In USDA Crop Production Research Database.
(p. 16)
Varga, I., & Đurović, V. (2023). Trendovi proizvodnje i
konzumacije krumpira u svijetu. Glasnik Zaštite Bilja,
46(6), 62–70. doi.org (p. 16)
Vleeshouwers, V. G. A. A., Dooijeweert, W. van,
Govers, F., Kamoun, S., & Colon, L. T. (2000). The
hypersensitive response is associated with host and
nonhost resistance to Phytophthora infestans. Planta,
210(6), 853–864. doi.org (p. 16)
Waheed, A., Li, C., Muhammad, M., Ahmad, M., Khan,
K. A., Ghramh, H. A., Wang, Z., & Zhang, D. (2023).
Sustainable potato growth under straw mulching
practices. Sustainability, 15(13), 10442. doi.org (p. 16)
Wang, W., & Long, Y. (2023). A review of biocontrol
agents in controlling late blight of potatoes and
tomatoes caused by Phytophthora infestans and the
underlying mechanisms. Pest Management Science,
79(12), 4715–4725. doi.org (pp. 16-17)
Wang, W.-J., Li, J., Zhao, G., Wang, Y.-P., Fan, S., Dong,
Y.-Q., Yang, L.-N., & Zhan, J. (2025). Pathogenicity
and virulence of Phytophthora infestans: The everevolving
threat to food security and its sustainable
management strategies. Virulence, 16(1). doi.org
(p. 17)
Wharton, P. S., Kirk, W. W., Schafer, R. L., & Tumbalam,
P. (2012). Evaluation of biological seed treatments
in combination with management practices for the
control of seed-borne late blight in potato. Biological
Control, 63(3), 326–332. doi.org (p. 17)
Wijesinha-Bettoni, R., & Mouillé, B. (2019). The
contribution of potatoes to global food security,
nutrition and healthy diets. American Journal of Potato
Research, 96(2), 139–149. doi.org (p. 17)
Xian, X., Zhao, H., Guo, J., Zhang, G., Liu, H., Liu,
W., & Wan, F. (2023). Estimation of the potential
geographical distribution of a new potato pest
(Schrankia costaestrigalis) in China under climate
change. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22(8),
2441–2455. doi.org (p. 17)
Yao, Y., Li, Y., Chen, Z., Zheng, B., Zhang, L., Niu,
B., Meng, J., Li, A., Zhang, J., & Wang, Q. (2015).
Biological control of potato late blight using isolates
of Trichoderma. American Journal of Potato Research,
93(1), 33–42. doi.org (p. 17)
Yoshida, K., Schuenemann, V. J., Cano, L. M., Pais,
M., Mishra, B., Sharma, R., Lanz, C., Martin, F.
N., Kamoun, S., Krause, J., Thines, M., Weigel, D.,
& Burbano, H. A. (2013). The rise and fall of the
Phytophthora infestans lineage that triggered the
Irish potato famine. eLife, 2, Article e00731. doi.org
(pp. 17-18)
Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (YAAS).
(2024). Long-term impact of “Cooperation-88” (C88)
genetics on late blight management and potato yield
stability in South-West China. YAAS Crop Breeding
Archives. (p. 18)
Zheng, J., Li, H., Sun, W., Zhang, Z., Shan, Y., Hu, J.,
Zhang, X., Duan, Y., & Li, G. (2025). Phytophthora
infestans effector protein Pi08174 suppresses potato
immune defense via multiple resistance pathways.
Physiologia Plantarum, 177(5). doi.org (p. 18)
Zwankhuizen, M. J., Govers, F., & Zadoks, J. C. (1998).
Development of potato late blight epidemics:
Disease foci, disease gradients, and infection
sources. Phytopathology®, 88(8), 754–763. doi.org
(p. 18)
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Potato Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the articles published in Potato Journal is vested with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, which reserves the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad, for reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information. The Council has no objection to using the material, provided the information is not being utilized for commercial purposes and wherever the information is being used, proper credit is given to ICAR.
How to Cite
