BRIDGING THE ENERGY GAP THROUGH AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION:A REVIEW OF RENEWABLE ENERGY ADOPTION

Abstract

India’s renewable energy sector has undergone rapid transformation, emerging as a global leader in solar and wind
capacity while pursuing energy self-reliance (Atmanirbhar Urja) through policy reform and domestic manufacturing. This review
synthesises 20 research studies and government reports to examine how policy instruments, technological innovation, and
agricultural extension have advanced renewable adoption in solar, wind, green hydrogen, and nuclear energy. Two case studies-
Iran’s carbon sequestration solar project and Karnataka’s N. Kodihalli feeder solarization initiative, illustrate the role of extension
services in driving adoption at the farmer level. Findings highlight persistent challenges in financing, grid integration, land acquisition,
and regulatory readiness for emerging technologies. The study recommends equitable capital access, regulatory modernisation,
and skill development to sustain India’s ongoing energy transition.