Provenance variation of bioactive compounds in palash (Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze) flower of the Malwa plateau region of India

Abstract

The flowers were collected from five plus trees of palash in each dominated forest location (E) and each diameter at breast height (DBH) groups (G) in the month of April-May, 2021 and bulked separately. The bulked flowers of each DBH groups(G) and location(E) were randomly divided for determination of bioactive compounds (BCs) viz., TPC, TF, ANs, AL, SN_S, TC, XP, and LP. The pooled analysis of locations(E) was significant for the BCs, indicating that the relationship between DBH groups(G) is influenced by the location(E) effect. The size differences among the DBH groups(G) across the forest location(E) for determining BCs and the phenotypic stability of DBH groups(G) were analysed by AMMI biplot. The AMMI analysis showed a variation of >90 percent for all the BCs except TPC, AL and XP under studied explained by PCA1 of the total variation by GEI. The DBH groups G₁ (>45) followed by G₁₀ (42-45) and G₉ (39-42) of plus tree of palash are promising identified as climate resilience with high mean performance of bioactive compounds (BCs) and greater phenotypic stability across the different forest location(E).