Evaluation of turmeric varieties under neem-based agroforestry system in the semi-arid region of Bundelkhand

Abstract

This study evaluated the performance of five turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) varieties (C1–C5) under a neem-based agroforestry system in the semi-arid region of Bundelkhand across two growing seasons (2023–24 and 2024–25). The experiment compared two growing conditions, G1 (neem-based agroforestry) and G2 (open field), to assess their influence on growth, leaf area, and yield attributes. Results revealed that G1 consistently outperformed G2 in all measured parameters, likely due to a more favourable microclimate under neem shade. Variety C3 emerged as the top performer, recording the highest plant height, leaf area per plant (LAP), and rhizome yield per hectare (RYPH). In 2024–25, C3 under G1 achieved a maximum plant height of 174.50 cm at 170 DAS, LAP of 4958.60 cm², and RYPH of 15.272 t/ha, significantly surpassing other combinations. Statistical analysis confirmed highly significant differences among varieties and growing conditions for most traits. The study highlights strong genotype × environment interactions, with partial shade enhancing vegetative growth and rhizome productivity. These findings underscore the potential of integrating high-performing turmeric varieties like C3 with neem-based agroforestry systems as a sustainable approach to improve turmeric yield and quality in semi-arid regions.