Impact of Dietary Input of Rice Based Concentrate Rations on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics in Goats
156 / 11
Authors
-
Ruba Nanthini
Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
-
C.Valli
Dean, Faculty of Basic Science, Madras Veterinary College campus, Chennai
-
L.Radhakrishnan
Department of Animal Nutrition, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai
-
D.Balasubramanyam
Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Science, Kattupakkam
-
A. Mangalagowri
Centralised Instrumentation Laboratory, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai
Keywords:
rice based concentrate, roughage to concentrate ratio, rumen fermentation, volatile fatty acidsAbstract
In Tamil Nadu, a southern state of India, it is a common practice to feed rice abundantly to goats reared especially in urban and semiurban areas. Hence, a study was conducted to document the in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics in goats, in rations with high levels of rice based concentrate. The study tested four roughage to concentrate ratios viz., 45: 55, 40: 60, 35: 65 and 30: 70 through in vitro gas production technique in six runs, using goat rumen liquor at different incubation hours (9, 12, 18 and 24). The concentrate component of the ration comprised of a blend of broken rice (70%) and de-oiled rice bran (30%). Significantly (P < 0.05) lowest in vitro ruminal pH for all incubation hours was observed in roughage to concentrate ratio of 30:70 and significantly (P < 0.05) highest in vitro ruminal pH for all incubation hours was observed in roughage to concentrate ratio of 45:55. Increasing the concentrate caused linear increase in the in vitro gas production, in vitro apparent dry matter degradability and total volatile fatty acids for all incubation hours in a significant (P < 0.05) manner. The percentage of acetate and propionate production significantly (P < 0.05) declined and increased respectively with increase in concentrate. Significantly (P < 0.05) highest energetic efficiency was observed in 30:70 roughage to concentrate ratio at all incubation hours.
References
Abijaoude, J.A., Morand-Fehr, P., Tessier, J., Schmidely, P. and Sauvant, D., 2000. Influence of forage: concentrate ratio and type of starch in the diet on feeding behaviour, dietary preferences, digestion, metabolism and performance of dairy goats in mid lactation. Animal Science, 71(2): pp.359-368. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800055211
Blummel, M. and Becker, K., 1997. The degradability characteristics of fifty-four roughages and roughage neutral-detergent fibres as described by in vitro gas production and their relationship to voluntary feed intake. British Journal of Nutrition, 77(5: pp.757-768. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19970073
De Boever, J.L., Aerts, J.M., Vanacker, J.M. and De Brabander, D.L., 2005. Evaluation of the nutritive value of maize silages using a gas production technique. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 12: pp.255-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.04.019
Granja-Salcedo, Y.T., Ribeiro Júnior, C.S., de Jesus, R.B., Gomez-Insuasti, A.S., Rivera, A.R., Messana, J.D., Canesin, R.C. and Berchielli, T.T., 2016. Effect of different levels of concentrate on ruminal microorganisms and rumen fermentation in Nellore steers. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 70(1): pp.17-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2015.1117562
Kumar, S., Dagar, S.S., Sirohi, S.K., Upadhyay, R.C. and Puniya, A.K., 2013. Microbial profiles, in vitro gas production and dry matter digestibility based on various ratios of roughage to concentrate. Annals of Microbiology, 63(2): pp.541-545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-012-0501-0
Li, F., Yang, X.J., Cao, Y.C., Li, S.X., Yao, J.H., Li, Z.J. and Sun, F.F., 2014. Effects of dietary effective fiber to rumen degradable starch ratios on the risk of sub-acute ruminal acidosis and rumen content fatty acids composition in dairy goat. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 189: pp.54-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.12.011
Liu, J. H., Xu, T. T., Liu, Y. J., Zhu, W. Y. and Mao, S. Y. 2013. A high-grain diet causes massive disruption of ruminal epithelial tight junctions in goats. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 305(3): pp.R232-R241. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00068.2013
Makkar, H.P., 2004. Recent advances in the in vitro gas method for evaluation of nutritional quality of feed resources. Assessing quality and safety of animal feeds. FAO Animal Production and Health Series, 160: pp.55-88.
Menke, K.H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D. and Schneider, W., 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 93(1): pp.217-222. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600086305
Murugeswari, R., Valli, C., Karunakaran, R., Leela, V. and Pandian, A.S.S., 2018. Prevalence and magnitude of acidosis sequelae to rice-based feeding regimen followed in Tamil Nadu, India. Veterinary world, 11(4): p.464. https://doi.org/10.14202%2Fvetworld.2018.464-468
Nagadi, S.A., 2019. In vitro Gas Production, Methane Emission and Rumen Fermentation Characteristics with Increasing Roughage to Concentrate Ratios. Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Meteorology, Environment & Arid Land Agriculture Sciences, 28(2). http://www.kau.edu.sa/Files/320/Researches/72552_45699.pdf
Orskov, E.R., 1977. Relative importance of ruminal and postruminal digestion with respect to protein and energy nutrition in ruminants. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 3: pp.91-103. http://www.cipav.org.co/TAP/TAP/TAP32/3_2_1.pdf
Orskov, E.R., Flatt, W.P. and Moe, P.W., 1968. Fermentation balance approach to estimate extent of fermentation and efficiency of volatile fatty acid formation in ruminants. Journal of dairy science, 51(9): pp.1429-1435. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(68)87208-X
Sallam, S.M.A., Nasser, M.E.A., El-Waziry, A.M., Bueno, I.C.S. and Abdalla, A.L., 2007. Use of an in vitro rumen gas production technique to evaluate some ruminant feedstuffs. J. Appl. Sci. Res, 3(1): pp.34-41. https://www.academia.edu/download/41684500/Use_of_an_in_vitro_Rumen_Gas_Production_20160128-29368-ssdlxt.pdf
Serment, A., Schmidely, P., Giger-Reverdin, S., Chapoutot, P. and Sauvant, D., 2011. Effects of the percentage of concentrate on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites, and milk composition in mid-lactation goats. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(8): pp.3960-3972. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-4041
Seshaiah, C.V., Reddy, Y.R., Rao, S.J. and Srivani, M., 2014. Prediction of optimum roughage to concentrate ratio in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) bagasse based total mixed ration for buffaloes using in vitro gas technique. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 1(4): pp.224-227. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JAVAR/article/view/20737
Snedecor. G. W. and Cochran, W. G. 1989. Statistical methods applied to experiments in agriculture and biology. 5th ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.
Sun, Y.Z., Mao, S.Y. and Zhu, W.Y., 2010. Rumen chemical and bacterial changes during stepwise adaptation to a high-concentrate diet in goats. Animal, 4(2): pp.210-217. https://doi.org/10.1017/S175173110999111X
Van Dung, D., Shang, W. and Yao, W., 2014. Effect of crude protein levels in concentrate and concentrate levels in diet on in vitro fermentation. Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences, 27(6): p.797. 10.5713/ajas.2013.13560
Van Knegsel, A.T.M., Van den Brand, H., Dijkstra, J., Van Straalen, W.M., Heetkamp, M.J.W., Tamminga, S. and Kemp, B., 2007. Dietary energy source in dairy cows in early lactation: energy partitioning and milk composition. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(3): pp.1467-1476. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)71632-6
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright remains with the society and author jointly. However, material can be used for research, teaching and to achieve goals of the society.
