Feeds and Feeding of Ducks in India-An Overview
994 / 36
Authors
-
Prafulla Kumar Naik
ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute Regional Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751003
-
Bijaya Kumar Swain
ICAR-DPR Regional Station, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
-
Dhirendra Kumar
ICAR-DPR Regional Station, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
-
Chandra Kanta Beura
ICAR-DPR Regional Station, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Abstract
The role of livestock & poultry for nutritional & livelihood security and doubling farmers’ income is highly important. Among alternate poultry species, the contributions of ducks for egg and meat production are next to chicken. In India, the important available ducks are few exotic breeds (Khaki Campbell, White Pekin, etc.) and locally available indigenous breeds (Pati, Maithili, Nageswari, Kuttanad (Chara, Chemballi), indigenous ducks of Tamilnadu (Kollam, Arni, Sanyasi, Keeri), Indigenous ducks (Desi or Kuzi) of Odisha, local ducks of Andaman, etc. Besides, different crossbred and Muscovy (Moti) ducks are also reared in different parts of the country. Generally, the ducks are reared under extensive or semi-intensive or intensive rearing systems. Based on the different rearing systems, the feeds of ducks are more diversified. The literature available on nutrient requirements for different types of ducks and nutrient contents of different feeds in different rearing systems is very meagre. To minimize the cost of production, many locally available low cost feed ingredients or alternate or unconventional feed ingredients like broken rice, azolla, tuber crops (cassava), different insects, earthworm, etc are used for feeding of ducks. Herbal feed additives like ginger and vitamin (Vitamin-C and E) and mineral (Zn and Se) are highly beneficial, when supplemented in duck diets. The feed intake and nutrients metabolisability varies according to the types of ducks, physiological conditions and rearing systems. The important issues with duck feeding are monitoring of feeding, wastage of feed, wetter faeces, Aflatoxins, energy density of the diet, use of fishmeal, fishy flavour of egg, etc. There are many challenges for the optimization of duck production in India. The research carried out on ducks is very limited and more attention should be given on various aspects of duck research. In the promotion of duck farming, the role of Government support through initiations of policies is highly essential. In the scenario of climate change, various nutritional interventions have important role for sustainable duck production, employment generation and in achieving the nutritional & livelihood security of the people of the country.
References
Acara, M., Camiolo, S. and Rennick. B. 1977. Renal N-oxidation of trimethylamine in the chicken during tubular excretion. Drug Metabolism & Disposition.5: 82–90.
Adeola, O. and Chen, X. 2022. A selective review of Pekin duck nutrition. In: Proc. Of invited lectures-World Poultry Congress held at Paris, France during August 7-11, 2022, Pp. 305-316.
Ali Imran, Panda, S. K., Pati, S., Acharya, A. P., Mishra, S. K., Jena, G. R., Mohanty, G. P., Mohanty, L., Das, S. and Kumar, D. 2019a. Patho-morphological and Genotoxic Changes in Induced Aflatoxicosis in White Pekin Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 8 (5): 1225-1233.
Ali Imran, Panda, S. K., Pati, S., Mishra, S. K., Mohanty, G. P., Jena, G. R., Acharya, A. P., Sahoo, P. R., Mohanty, L., Mishra, N., Kumar, D. and Sarkar, A. 2019b. Growth performance and hemato-biochemical alterations in induced aflatoxicosis in white pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 7 (3): 1291-1295.
Anitha, P., Jalaludeen, A., Peethambaran, P. A., Leo, J. 2009. Effect of crude fibre and enzyme supplementation on production performance of layer ducks. Indian Journal of Poultry Science. 44 (2): 265-267.
Anitha, P., Jalaludeen, A., Peethambaran, P. A., Leo, J. 2012. Nutritional and physiological status of foraging ducks. Indian Journal of Poultry Science. 47 (1): 64–66.
BAHS. 2019. Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics, Govt. of India, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi.
Behera, H. K., Jena, G. R., Kumar, D., Mishra, S. K., Das, D. P., Samal, L. and Dalai, N. 2020. Ameliorative effect of vitamin ‘C’ on hemato-biochemical and oxidative parameters in ducks during summer. International Journal of livestock Research. 10 (11): 140-148. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20200605064444.
Budowski, P., Kafri, I. and D. Sklan. 1977. Utilization of choline from crude soybean lecithin by chicks. Poultry Science. 56: 754–757.
Das, D., Kumar, D., Pamia, J., Panda, S. K. and Jena, G. R. 2021. Histopathological grading of induced cardiotoxicity due to arsenic and its alleviation by Allium sativum in Ducks. Indian Journal of Animal Research. DOI: 10.18805/IJAR.B-4696.
Das, D., Kumar, D., Pamia, J., Panda, S. K., Jena, G. R., Behera, R., Naik, P. K., Swain, B. K., Mishra, S. K. and Beura, C. K. 2022. Arsenic induced immunotoxicity and its alleviation with garlic powder in White Pekin ducks. In: Book of abstracts of National Conference on ‘Co-ordinated Nutrition, Health and Extension Approach for Sustainable Livestock Production’ held at NDVSU, Jabalpur during September 21-22, 2022, P. 204.
Fouad, A. M., Ruan. D., Wang, S., Chen, W., Xia, W. and Zheng, C. 2018. Nutritional requirements of meat-type and egg-type ducks: what do we know? Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology. 9:1-11.
Giri, S. C., Sahoo, S. K., Sastry, K. V. H. and Bais, R. K. 2015. Effect of dietary protein on reproductive growth of Khaki Campbell ducks. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. 85 (5): 504-507.
Goh, Y.K., Mueller, M.M., Clandinin, D. R. and Robblee. A.R. 1979. The effects of choline and sinapine bisulfate in a laying ration on the incidence of fishy odor in eggs from brown-shelled egg layers. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 59:545–549.
Hobson-Frohock, A., Land, D.G., Griffiths, N.M. and Curtis, R.F. 1973. Egg taints: Association with trimethylamine. Nature. 1973, 243, 304–305.
ICAR. 2013. Nutritional Requirement of Poultry. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
Jena, G., Behera, H. K., Kumar, D., Mishra, S. K., Swain, B. K., Naik, P. K. and Patra, R. C. 2017. Ameliorative potential of vitamin C and vitamin E in combination in summer-induced-heat stress. In: 6th World Water Fowl Conference, held at Taipei, Taiwan during October 22-25, 2017, P. 110.
Jones, S.E.; Ho, L.; Rees, C.A.; Hill, J.E.; Nodwell, J.R.; Elliot, M.A. Streptomyces exploration is triggered by fungal interactions and volatile signals. eLife 2016, 6, e21738.
Joshi, S. K., Sahoo, S. K., Babu, L. K., Giri, S. C., Mondal, D. and Pradhan, C. R. 2014. Feed intake and growth in Khaki Campbell ducks during starter stage given different levels of protein in the diet. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition. 31 (3): 287-292.
Khan Sohail Hassan 2018. Recent advances in role of insects as alternative protein source in poultry nutrition. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 46:1, 1144-1157, DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1474743.
Kubena, L.F., Harvey, R.B., Buckley, S.A., Bailey, R.H. and Rottinghaus, G.E. 1999. Effects of long-term feeding of diets containing moniliformin, supplied by Fusarium fujikuroi culture material, and fumonisin, supplied by Fusarium moniliforme culture material, to laying hens. Poultry Science. 78: 1499–1505.
Kumar, D., Behera, R., Panda, S. K., Jena, G. R., Naik, P. K., Swain, B. K., Mishra, S. K., and Beura, C. K. 2022. Aflatoxicosis in ducks. In: Coordinated Approaches for Animal Health and Productivity (Tiwari, S. P. and Nayak, S.; Eds.; ISBN: 9789392370489). Pp. 83-85. Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur.
Kumar, D., Mohapatra, P., Jena, G. R., Sahoo, R., Mishra, S. K., Swain, B. K. and Naik, P. K. 2018. Effect of selenium or/ and zinc supplementation in combating summer induced heat stress in ducks. In: Proceedings of XI Biennial Conference of Animal Nutrition Association on Reorienting Animal Nutrition Research in the Perspective of Farmers Welfare held at Bihar Animal Sciences University, Patna during November 19-21, 2018, P. 123.
Li, X., Huang, M., Song, J., Shi, X., Chen, X.,Yang, F., Pi, J., Zhang, H., Xu, G. and Zheng, J. 2019. Analysis of fishy taint in duck eggs reveals the causative constituent of the fishy odor and factors affecting the perception ability of this odor. Poultry Science. 98: 5198–5207.
Li, X., Yuan, G., Chen, X., Guo, Y., Yang, N., Pi, J., Zhang, H. and Zheng, J. 2018. Fishy Odor and TMA Content Levels in Duck Egg Yolks. Journal of Food Science. 83 (1): 39-45. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.13977.
Li, X., Yuan, G., Chen, X., Guo, Y., Yang, N., Pi, J., Zhang, H. and Zheng, J. 2018. Fishy Odor and TMA Content Levels in Duck Egg Yolks. Journal of Food Science 83 (1): 39-45. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.13977.
Mandal, A. B. 2022. Feeding and Nutrient Requirements of Ducks. In: Duck Production and Management Strategies, (Eds. Jalaludeen, A., Churchil, R. R. and Elisabeth Baéza). Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd., Singapore, Pp. 305-331.
Mandal, A. B., Yadav, S., Johri, T. S. and Pathak, N. N. 2004. Nutrition and Disease Management of Poultry. International Book Distributing Agency, Charbagh.
Mishra, S. K., Jena, C. R., Kumar, D., Swain, B. K., Naik, P. K., Jena, G. R., Panda, S. K., Nath, N. C., Subudhi, P. K. 2020. Superior egg production registered in pekin ducks reared on aflatoxin-spiked grower diets: Possibility of epigenetic adaptation from perinatal conditioning in survivors. In: Book of abstracts-2021 of 26th World Poultry Congress held at Paris, France during August 7-11, 2022, P. 617.
Mishra, S. K., Jena, C. R., Naik, P. K., Kumar, D., Swain, B. K., Panda, S. K., Pamia, J. and Jena, G. R. 2021. Impact of dietary aflatoxin-B1 on juvenile growth in White Pekin ducks. Indian Journal of Animal Research. DOI: 10.18805/ IJAR.B-4556.
Mishra, S. K., Kumar, D., Naik, P. K., Swain, B. K., Jha, A. K. and Mondal, D. 2016. Trans-gneration egg production profiling of White Pekin ducks impacted by biotic and abiotic factors. Souvenir and abstract book of III AAHP Convention & National Symposium on Poultry health & Welfare hiding the wave to the future, held at ICAR- Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Goa, 20-21 October, 2016, P. 135.
Mishra, S. K., Panda, S., Nath, N. C., Jena, C., Ali, I., Kumar, D., Swain, B. K. and Naik, P. K. 2019. Induced aflatoxicosis in Pekin and native ducks: dietary levels of aflatoxin B1 impacting morbidity and juvenile growth. In: Souvenir of Indian Poultry Science Association Conference (IPSACON) on ‘Conceptual Understanding and Future Strategies for Welfare Friendly Poultry Production in India’ held at Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Chhattisgarh, during December 11-13, 2019.
Mohanty, S. R., Sahoo, S. K., Babu, L. K., Giri, S. C. and Joshi, S. K. 2016. Effect of different levels of dietary protein on the performance of laying Khaki Campbell duck. Indian Veterinary Journal. 93 (11): 76-78.
Naik, P. K. 2022. Unpublished data (Personal Communication).
Naik, P. K., Kumar, D., Panda, S. K. Jena, G. R., Swain, B. K., Sahoo, S. K. and Mishra, S. K. 2020b. Effect of feeding graded levels broken rice on blood biochemical profile of White Pekin ducks during second year of laying. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition. 37 (3): 288-291.
Naik, P. K., Swain, B. K. and Beura, C. K. 2022a. Scenario of duck production in India. Poultry Line. May: 25-27.
Naik, P. K., Swain, B. K. and Beura, C. K. 2022b. Duck production in India-a review. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. 92 (8): 917-926.
Naik, P. K., Swain, B. K., Kumar, D. and Beura, C. K. 2022f. Nutritional Interventions for Sustainable Duck Production in India. In: Souvenir of 19th Biennial International Conference of Animal Nutrition Society of India (ANSICON-2022) on ‘Nutritional Technologies to Augment Livestock, Poultry, Canine and Fish Production for Global Competitiveness’ held at GADVASU, Ludhiana, Punjab during 16-18, 2022, P. 70-78.
Naik, P. K., Swain, B. K., Sahoo, S. K., Beura, C. K., Mishra, S. K. and Kumar, D. 2022e. Effect of different cereals on the performance of White Pekin ducks during 2nd year of laying under intensive rearing system. In: Book of abstracts of National Conference on ‘Co-ordinated Nutrition, Health and Extension Approach for Sustainable Livestock Production’ held at NDVSU, Jabalpur during September 21-22, 2022, P. 183.
Naik, P. K., Swain, B. K., Sahoo, S. K., Kumar, D. and Mishra, S. K. 2020a. Effect of feeding graded levels broken rice on egg quality of White Pekin ducks during second year of laying. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition. 37 (2): 191-194.
Naik, P. K., Swain, B. K., Sahoo, S. K., Kumar, D. and Mishra, S. K. 2021. Effect of feeding graded levels broken rice on nutrients metabolisability in White Pekin ducks during second year of laying. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology. 21: 199-203.
Naik, P. K., Swain, B. K., Sahoo, S. K., Kumar, D., Mishra, S. K. and Beura, C. K. 2022d. Performance of White Pekin ducks fed wheat or broken rice based diets during mid phase of laying under intensive rearing system. Indian Journal of Animal Research. DOI: 10.18805/IJAR.B-4870.
Naik, P. K., Swain, B. K., Sahoo, S. K., Kumar, D., Mishra, S. K. and Beura, C. K. 2022c. Effect of replacing wheat with broken rice on nutrients metabolisability, egg production and quality in White Pekin ducks. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. 92 (11): 1343-1347
NRC. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Revised Edn., The National Academies Press., Washington, DC.
Padhi, M. K. 2014. Evaluation of indigenous ducks of Odisha, India. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 70, Sept.: 617-626.
Pallavi, P. D., Kumar, D., Patra, R. C., Jena, G. R., Mishra, S. K., Swain, B. K., Naik, P. K., Das, M. R. and Panda, S. K. 2020. Ameliorative effect of bentonite clay to combat aflatoxin-induced biochemical and oxidative alteration in White Pekin ducks. In: Proc. of 38th Annual Convention of Indian Society for Veterinary Medicine and National Symposium on ‘Advancement in Veterinary Medicine in Mitigating Challenges to animal Health’ held at KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bengaluru during February 5- 7, 2020.
Panda, S. K., Kumar, D., Jena, G. R., Patra, R. C., Panda, S. K., Sethy, K., Mishra, S. K., Swain, B. K., Naik, P. K., Beura, C. K., and Panda, S. 2021b. Ameliorative property of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in minimising immunosuppression induced by arsenic in White Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). Indian Journal of Poultry Science. 56 (3). 277-285.
Panda, S. K., Kumar, D., Jena, G. R., Patra, R. C., Panda, S. K., Sethy, K., Mishra, S. K., Swain, B. K., Naik, P. K., Beura, C. K. and Panda, B. 2022. Biological Trace Element Research. doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03317-0.
Panda, S. K., Kumar, D., Jena, G. R., Sethy, K., Mishra, S. K., Swain, B. K., Naik, P. K., Beura, C. K. and Elmorsy, M. A. M. 2021a. Efficacy of ginger on male reproductive traits and oxidative stress indices in White Pekin ducks intoxicated with arsenic. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology. 21: 559-569.
Sahoo, S. K. 2022. Unpublished data (Personal Communication).
Sahoo, S. K., Naskar, S. K., Giri, S. C., Padhi, M. K. and Panda, S. K. 2014. Performance of White Pekin ducks on replacement of maize with cassava tuber meals. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology. 14: 291-300.
Sahoo, S. K., Swain, B. K., Naik, P. K., Giri, S. C. and Padhi, M. K. 2022. Metabolisable energy requirements of White Pekin ducks during layer stage. In: Book of abstracts of National Conference on ‘Co-ordinated Nutrition, Health and Extension Approach for Sustainable Livestock Production’ held at NDVSU, Jabalpur during September 21-22, 2022, P.232.
Shi, X., Huang, M., Song, J., Zeng, L., Liang, Q., Qu, Y., Li, J., Xu, G. and Zheng, J. 2022. Effects of different duck rearing systems on egg flavor and quality and microbial diversity. Poultry Science. 101 (11): 102110. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102110.
Shi, X., Li, X., Li, X., He, Z., Chen, X., Song, J., Zeng, L., Liang, Q., Li, J., Xu, G. and Zheng, J. 2022. Antibacterial Properties of TMA against Escherichia coli and Effect of Temperature and Storage Duration on TMA Content, Lysozyme Activity and Content in Eggs. Foods. 2022 11(4):527. doi: 10.3390/foods11040527.
Singh, K. S. and Panda, B. 1996. Poultry Nutrition, 3rd Edn. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Sujatha, T., Kundu, A., Jeyakumar, S. and Kundu, M. S. 2013. Azolla supplementation: feed cost benefit in duck ration in Andaman Islands. Tamilnadu Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences. 9 (2): 130-136.
Swain, B. K. 2022. Unpublished data (Personal Communication).
Swain, B. K., Naik, P. K. and Beura, C. K. 2022a. Nutritive value of Azolla as poultry feed-a review. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition. 39 (1): 1-11.
Swain, B. K., Naik, P. K., Mishra, S. K., Kumar, D. and Beura, C. K. 2022b. Azolla-An alternate feed resource for chicken and ducks. In: Coordinated Approaches for Animal Health and Productivity (Eds. Tiwari, S. P. and Nayak, S.). Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, Pp. 147-150.
Swain, B. K., Naik, P. K., Mishra, S. K., Kumar, D. and Beura, C. K. 2022. Azolla-An alternate feed resource for chicken and ducks. In: Coordinated Approaches for Animal Health and Productivity (Tiwari, S. P. and Nayak, S.; Eds.; ISBN: 9789392370489). Pp. 147-150. Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur.
Swain, B. K., Naik, P. K., Sahoo, S. K., Mishra, S. K. and Kumar, D. 2018.Effect of feeding of Azolla (Azolla pinnata) on the performance of White Pekin laying ducks. International Journal of Livestock Research. 8 (8): 248-253.
Swain, B. K., Naik, P. K., Sahoo, S. K., Mishra, S. K. and Kumar, D. 2020. Effect of feeding Azolla pinnata on the performance of Khaki Campbell layers. Indian Journal of Poultry Science. 55 (3): 221-224.
Tan, Q., Wang, J.P., Zeng, Q.F., Ding, X.M., Bai, S.P., Peng, H.W., Xuan, Y. and Zhang, K.Y. 2022. Effects of rapeseed meal on laying performance and egg quality in laying ducks. Poultry Science. 101(3):101678. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101678.
Wang, P., Zheng, J., Qu, L., Lian, L., Xu, G. and Yang, N. 2013. Molecular cloning, sequence characterization, SNP detection, and tissue expression analysis of duck FMO3 gene. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 379: 141–145.
Zeisel, S. H., Gettner, S. and Youssef, M. 1989. Formation of aliphatic amine precursors of N-nitrosodimethylamine after oral administration of choline and choline analogues in the rat. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 27(1): 31–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(89)90089-6
Zhang, A. Q., Mitchell, S. C. and Smith, R. L. 1999. Dietary precursors of trimethylamine in man: A pilot study. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 37(5): 515–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(99)00028-9.
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright remains with the society and author jointly. However, material can be used for research, teaching and to achieve goals of the society.
