Role of housing in welfare of small ruminants
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Authors
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K. N. WADHWANI1 R. J. MODI M. M. ISLAM and Y. G. PATEL
Department of Livestock Production Management
College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University
Anand-388001, Gujarat
Abstract
Scientific research on factors causing thereduction in welfare of sheep and goats is rather
recent and information on this topic is still scarce.
Sheep and Goats, considered very rustic animals,
are reared prevalently under extensive production
systems and are widespread mainly in marginal
areas. For these reasons, only few studies on the
welfare of these species have been carried out in the
past. Climatic extremes and seasonal fluctuations in
herbage amount and quality are important causes of
the reduction of well-being in extensive production
systems, which can impair production efficiency of
grazing animals and dramatically affect the welfare
and health status of sheep and goats. More recently,
the scenario has changed, due to a gradual diffusion
of intensive and semi-intensive production systems,
especially in sheep and goats to the growing concern
of consumers. Research addressing animal welfare
is largely focused on measurements of animal
behavior, stress physiology, veterinary epidemiology,
environmental physiology, environmental design,
comparative psychology and studies of the behavior
of animal handlers, together with conventional fields
such as nutrition and microbiology
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