Management of contaminants in mushroom spawn

Sachin Gupta; Sandeep Kumar; Ranbir Singh; Baby Summuna

doi:10.56093/ijas.v90i5.104380

Authors

Sachin Gupta Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-J, Jammu
Sandeep Kumar Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-J, Jammu
Ranbir Singh Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-J, Jammu
Baby Summuna Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-J, Jammu

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i5.104380

Keywords:

Aspergillus, Penicillium, Bacillus, Mushroom, Spawn

Abstract

In a study carried out at Mushroom Research and Training Center, SKUAST-J during 2015-16, mushroom spawn prepared on different substrates and supplements was observed for incidence of contamination by fungal and bacterial contaminants. Contamination in spawn ranged from 12.66% (sorghum based spawn) to 20.66% (bajra based spawn). Four major types of contaminants including three fungal, viz. Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp. and one bacterial contaminant, viz. Bacillus spp. were observed. These contaminants were found individually as well as in combination in all the grain substrates. Management of contaminants using multiple strategies was also studied in the present research. The treatment comprising three boiling treatment showed maximum efficiency in management of fungal and bacterial contaminants that reduced the fungal contamination up to 78.33%. However, up to 98.66% reduction in fungal as well as bacterial contamination of spawn was obtained with three autoclavings of the spawn. Among the antibiotics, application of tetracycline (50 μg/kg) resulted in the reduction of 98.33% of bacterial contamination in the spawn.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahlawat O P, Rai R D and Verma R N. 1999. Bacterial contaminants in spawn of the mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Linge) Sing. Mushroom Research 8: 19–21.

Biswas M K. 2016. Fungal contaminants of oyster mushroom beds (Pleurotus ostreatus), their management and role of environmental factors. Family Farming Challenges and Opportunities. pp. 229-239. Mondal B, Sarkar D, Mukhopadhyay S D, Ghosh S, Roy B C and Chowdhury S (Eds). Renu Publishers, New Delhi.

Chadha K L and Sharma S R. 1995. Mushroom research in India-History, infrastructure and achievements. Advances in Horticulture, Vol.-13, pp. 1-33. Chadha K L and Sharma S R (Eds.) Malhotra Publishing House, New Delhi.

Chang S T.1999.World Production of Cultivated edible and medicinal mushroom in 1997 with emphasis on Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. in China. International Journal of Medicinal Mushroom. 1: 291–300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v1.i4.10

Goltaphe E and Purjam E. 2003. Principles of Mushroom Cultivation, pp 604. Tarbiat Modarres University Press. Gomez K A and Gomez A A. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. John Wiley and sons, Inc. New York.

Gupta S, Kumar S, Gupta M, Mantoo A and Singh R. 2016. Evaluation of different grains and supplements for production of quality spawn of different mushrooms. Indian Phytopathology 69: 706–11.

Kumar M and Rana R S. 2000. Effect of boiling and soaking of wheat grains on rate of contamination and spawn growth of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. Haryana Agriculture University Journal of Research 30: 125–31.

Mazumdar N and Rathaiah Y. 2001. Management of fungal and bacterial contaminations of oyster mushroom spawn. Mushroom Research 10: 113–15.

Mazumder N, Rathaiah Y and Gogoi R. 2005. Seasonal variation in microbial contamination of Pleurotus ostreatus spawn. Indian Phytopathology 58: 84–88.

Mkhize S S, Zharare G E, Basson A K, Mthembu M S and Cloete J. 2017. Performance of Pleurotus pulmonarius mushroom grown on maize stalk residues supplemented with various levels of maize flour and wheat bran. Food Science and Technology http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-457x.27216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-457x.27216

Pepper E H and Kiesling R L. 1963. A list of bacteria, fungi, yeast, nematodes and viruses occurring on and within barley kernels. Proceedings of the Association of Official Seed Analysts of North America 53: 199–208.

Singh A, Singh S and Upadhyay R C. 2002. Management of contaminants in spawn production. (In) Indian Mushroom Congress III. Souvenir and Abstracts. pp 113. NCMRT (ICAR), Solan, and TNAU, Coimbatore.

Singh A, Varshney A and Upadhaya R C. 2009. Studies on incidence of spawn contaminants and economic losses in spawn production of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Mushroom Research 18: 17–19.

Sneath H A, Mair N S, Sharpe M E and Holt J G. 1986. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.

Suman B C. 1993. Contaminants in spawn of Agaricus bisporus. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 23: 316.

Suman B C and Jandaik C L. 1992. Contaminants in spawn of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 22: 240–245.