Exploring the genetic variability of citrus butterfly (Papilio demoleus) using DNA barcode

VIKAS JINDAL

doi:10.56093/ijas.v90i8.105948

Authors

VIKAS JINDAL Principal Entomologist, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141 004, India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i8.105948

Keywords:

Citrus butterfly, DNA barcode, Genetic variations, mtCOI region, Papilio demoleus

Abstract

The present study is first and initial report from India on developing barcodes and molecular identification of citrus swallow tail butterfly (Papilio demoleus L.) based on mtCOI region and species composition from Abohar, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Sangrur areas of Punjab on citrus host plants. The corresponding genomic DNA isolation, PCR amplification, detectable genetic divergence, molecular identification and phylogenetic tree were assessed. Using the specific set of primers the samples yielded specific fragment of 658 bp. The amplified PCR product was sequenced and identified as Papilio demoleus and submitted to BOLD database. The 658 bp mtCOI gene sequences from Abohar, Ludhiana, Jalandhar were 100% similar however the sequence from Sangrur region show mutations at three different positions showing a variation of 0.45% from rest of the populations of Punjab. The phylogenetic tree was developed and it was revealed that all the populations of Punjab are in same cluster and when compared with populations from other countries, it form two main clusters which are different from each other by 3.70%. The cluster one includes all the populations of Australia, India, USA and Pakistan and the cluster two include totally different populations from Canada. In cluster one the populations from Australia and USA forms one subgroup while populations from India and Pakistan form second subgroup.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahad M D. 2004. Morphology of lemon butterfly Papilio demoleus L.(Papilionidae: Lepidoptera). Journal of Science and Technology 5: 120–25.

Ashfaq M, Akhtar S, Khan A M, Adamowicz S J and Hebert P D N. 2013. DNA barcode analysis of butterfly species from Pakistan points towards regional endemism. Molecular Ecology Resources 13: 832–843. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12131

Ashfaq M, Ara J, Noor AR, Hebert P D N and Mansoor S. 2011. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of a scale insect (Drosicha mangiferae; Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) infesting mango orchards in Pakistan. European Journal of Entomology 108: 553–559. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2011.071

Atwal A S. 1964. Insect pests of citrus in the Punjab- Biology and control of citrus caterpillar Papilio demoleus L (Lepidoptera : Papilionidae). Punjab Horticulture Journal 4: 40–44.

Banta G, Jindal V, Mohindru B, Sharma S, Kaur J and Gupta V K. 2016. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of mango mealybug, Drosicha mangiferae from Punjab. Journal of Environmental Biology 37: 49–55.

Bhutani D K. 1979. Insect pests of citrus and their control. Pesticides 13: 15–21.

Brown B, Emberson R M and Paterson A M. 1999. Mitochondrial COI and II provide useful markers for (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae) species identification. Bulletin of Entomological Research 89: 287–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485399000437

Burns J M, Janzen D H, Hajibabaei M, Hallwachs W and Hebert P D N. 2008. DNA barcodes and cryptic species of skipper butterflies in the genus Perichares in Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences USA 105: 6350–6355. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0712181105

Cantarel B L, Morrison H G and Pearson W. 2006. Exploring the relationship between sequence similarity and accurate phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 23: 2090–2100 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msl080

DeBarro P and Ahmed M Z. 2011. Genetic networking of the Bemisia tabaci cryptic species complex reveals pattern of biological invasions, PLoS ONE, 6: e25579. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0025579. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025579

Eastwood R, Boyce S L and Farrell B D. 2006. The provenance of old world swallowtail butterflies, Papilio demoleus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), recently discovered in the new world. Annals of Entomological Society of America 99: 164–168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2006)099[0164:TPOOWS]2.0.CO;2

Gaikwad S S, Ghate H V, Ghaskadbi S S, Patole M S and Shouche Y S. 2012. DNA barcoding of nymphalid butterflies (Nymphalidae: Lepidoptera) from Western Ghats of India. Molecular Biology Reports 39(3): 2375–2383 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-011-0988-7

Hajibabaei M, Janzen D H, Burns J M, Hallwachs W and Hebert P D N. 2006. DNA barcodes distinguish species of tropical Lepidoptera. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences USA 103: 968–971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0510466103

Haldhar S M, Karuppaiah V, Sharma S K and Singh R S. 2010. Population dynamics of lemon butterfly (Papilio demoleus) in bael [Aegle marmelos] as influenced by abiotic factors in arid region of Rajasthan. Indian Journal of Arid Horticulture. 5(1-2): 50–52.

Hebert P D N, Cywinska A, Ball S L and Dewaard J. 2003. Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Science 270: 313–321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2218

Hebert P D N, deWaard J R and Landry J F. 2010. DNA barcodes for 1/1000 of the animal kingdom. Biology Letters 6: 359–362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0848

Hebert P D N, deWaard J R, Zakharov E V, Prosser S W, Sones J E, McKeown J T, Mantle B and La Salle J. 2013. A DNA ‘barcode blitz’: rapid digitization and sequencing of a natural history collection. PLoS One 8 :e68535.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068535. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068535

Homziak N T and Homziak J. 2006. Papilio demoleus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae): a new record for the Uni record for the United States, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Florida Entomologist 89: 485–488. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[485:PDLPAN]2.0.CO;2

Jahnavi M, Rao A R and Sarada H. 2018. Biology and morphology of citrus butterfly Papilio demoleus Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Papolionidae) on acid lime. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 6: 1556–61.

Jindal V, Banta G. and Singh M. 2016. Molecular identification of mango hoppers infesting mango trees in Punjab through DNA barcoding. Indian Journal of Horticulture 73(2): 192–196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-0112.2016.00046.3

Jindal V, Banta G, Thakur A, Singh M. and Mohindru B. 2015. Genetic diversity of armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker) populations infesting wheat using DNA barcoding. Indian Journal of Entomology 77(2): 160–164 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2015.00032.2

Kumar S, Stecher G, and Tamura K. 2016. MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33: 1870–1874. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054

Lewis D S, Shinichi F A H, Cotton A M, Kawahara A K Y and Condamine F L. 2015. Role of Caribbean Islands in the diversification and biogeography of Neotropical Heraclides swallowtails. Cladistics 31: 291–314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12092

Lukhtanov V A, Sourakov A, Zakharov E V and Hebert P D N. 2009. DNA barcoding of Central Asian butterflies: increasing geographical dimension does not significantly reduce the success of species identification. Molecular Ecology Resources 9: 1302–1310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02577.x

Patel P P, M P Snehal, Pandya H V and Amlani M H. 2017. Biology and morphometrics of citrus butterfly Papilio demoleus Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) on Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck. International Journal of Chemical Studies 5(5): 1431–35

Phillips A, Janies D and Wheeler W. 20l0. Multiple sequence alignment in phylogenetic analysis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 16: 317–330. doi: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0785 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2000.0785

Pruthi H S and Mani M S. 1945. Our knowledge of the insect and mite pests of Citrus in India and their control. Science Monograph, Imperial Council Agricultural Research Sciences Monograph 16: 1–42.

Ramakrishna Rao A. 2015. Studies on biology and morphometrics of citrus butterfly Papilio demoleus (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) on sathgudi sweet orange Citrus sinensis Swingle. International Journal of Current Research in Life Sciences 4: 168–171. Sarada G, Gopal K, Venkata Ramana K T, Mukunda L and Nagalakshmi T. 2014. Citrus Butterfly (Papilio demoleus Linnaeus) bioiogy and management: A review. Res & Rev: Journal of Agricultural and Allied Sciences 3: 17–25.

Shashank P R, Ojha R, Venkatesan T, Jalali S K and Bhanu K R M. 2015. Molecular characterization of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) based on mitochondrial marker cytochrome oxidase I and their phylogenetic relationship. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 53: 51–55.

Tamura K. 1992. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions when there are strong transition-transversion and G + C-content biases. Molecular Biology and Evolution 9 : 678–687.

Tautz D, Arctander P, Minelli A, Thomas R H and Vogler A P. 2002. DNA points the way ahead in taxonomy. Nature 418: 479.10.1038/418479a. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/418479a

Tautz D, Arctander P, Minelli A, Thomas R H and Vogler A P. 2003. A plea for DNA taxonomy. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18: 70–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(02)00041-1

Tay W T, Elfekih S, Polaszek A, Court L N, Evans G A, Gordon K H J and De Barro P J. 2017. Novel molecular approach to define pest species status and tritrophic interactions from historical Bemisia specimens. Scientific Reports 7: 429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00528-7

Tsao W C and Yeh W B. 2008. DNA-based discrimination of subspecies of swallowtail butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilioninae) from Taiwan. Zoological Studies 47: 633–643.