Effect of tillage, residue and nitrogen management on soil physical properties, root growth and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

KOUSHIK BAG; K K Bandyopadhyay; V K SEHGAL; S P Datta; A SARANGI; R PANDEY; P KRISHNAN

doi:10.56093/ijas.v90i9.106622

Authors

KOUSHIK BAG ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
K K Bandyopadhyay Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
V K SEHGAL ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
S P Datta Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
A SARANGI Water Technology Centre, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
R PANDEY Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
P KRISHNAN ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i9.106622

Keywords:

Hydraulic conductivity, Mean weight diameter, No tillage, Penetration resistance, Residue mulching * Corresponding author e-mail, kk.bandyopadhyay@gmail. com, Division of Agricultural Physics, 4Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, 5 Water

Abstract

A study was conducted on a semi-arid climate and sandy loam soils of Indian Agricultural Research Institute farm, New Delhi to evaluate the short-term (5 years) interactions of tillage, residue and nitrogen management on soil physical properties, root growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a maize-wheat cropping system in a split-split plot design comprising two tillage (No tillage and conventional tillage), two residue levels (no residue, maize residue @ 5 t ha^-1) and three nitrogen doses (N₆₀, N₁₂₀ and N₁₈₀) as the main plot, sub plot and sub subplot treatments, respectively. It was observed that bulk density (up to 45 cm), penetration resistance (10-27 cm depth) reduced under no tillage and residue applied plots while the porosity (15-60 cm), mean weight diameter (0-15 cm), organic carbon (0-15 cm) improved in these treatments. The hydraulic conductivity was significantly enhanced due to residue applications in the surface layers (0-15cm). Root growth parameters were improved under no tillage and crop residue mulching. Although neither tillage nor residue mulching could significantly influence the grain and biomass yield of wheat on two years of study (2017-18, 2018-19), yield increased significantly with increasing nitrogen doses. Thus no tillage, residue mulching with 150% recommended dose of nitrogen can be practised for maintaining a better soil physical health, root growth without any significant reduction in crop productivity compared to conventional tillage.

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