Root border cells: A pioneer’s of plant defence in rhizosphere

DARSHAN K; JAGMOHAN SINGH; SURESH YADAV; VENUGOPALA K M; RASHMI AGGARWAL

doi:10.56093/ijas.v90i10.107884

Authors

DARSHAN K Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
JAGMOHAN SINGH Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
SURESH YADAV Division of Genetics, ICAR Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
VENUGOPALA K M Division of genomic resources, ICAR- NBAIR, Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 024, India
RASHMI AGGARWAL Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i10.107884

Keywords:

ExDNase, Plant defence, Rhizosphere, Root border cells, Root extracellular traps (RETs), Root exudates

Abstract

The environment around the root in rhizosphere is a complex region where multiple interactions take place among soil, plant and microorganisms. Plant growth and architecture of entire plant, in fact depends upon the roots which provide sufficient amount of nutrients and water. Root tips while sensing the rhizosphere for availability nutrients counteract with array of harmful microorganisms in the soil. In order to protect from these stresses plant roots have evolved specialized cells known as root border cells which act as front line defence mechanism in rhizosphere. Border cells are individual or bunch of programmed viable cells released from root tip which forms protective sheath between root and external environment. Border cells secret hydrated mucilage that contains antimicrobial compounds and extracellular DNA which governs the behaviour of microbiome in the soil. Production of border cell is regulated by number of factors such as phytohormones, PME enzyme and transcription factor NLP7. Plant breeding and genetic engineering could be used to exploit border cells defence mechanism as a new avenue for disease control. This review summarizes about the importance, properties of border cells, mechanism, and regulation of border cells production and role of RETs as element of plant defence.

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