Growth and physiological potential of various turf grass species under graded shade levels
636 / 405
Authors
-
BABITA SINGH
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
-
S S SINDHU
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
-
AJAY ARORA
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
-
HARENDRA YADAV
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
Keywords:
Light intensity, Shade level, Turf grassAbstract
An study was carried out to evaluate the effects of graded shade levels on the growth and quality of turf grass species Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass), Zoysia matrella (Manilla grass), Stenotaphrum secundatum (St. Augustine grass), Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass), Paspalum vaginatum (Seashore Paspalum), Dactyloctenium aegyptium (Crowfoot grass), Axonopus affinis (Mat grass/Carpet grass) and Eremochloa ophiuroides (Centipede grass). These species grown under shade nets with different shading intensity of 25%, 50%, and 75% along with control (without shade net) were investigated at Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, IARI, New Delhi during 2017-19. Among the all species, Crowfoot grass and Zoysia found good under reduced irradiance conditionas compared to open conditions, while, St. Augustine, Bahia and Seashore Paspalum performed well from 25-50% reduced irradiance level but these were best under open conditions. Performance of Bermuda grass, Carpet grass and Centipede were not satisfactory under reduced irradiance level.
Downloads
References
Allard G, Nelson C J and Pallardy S G .1991. Shade effects on growth of tall fescue: II Leaf gas exchange characteristics. Crop Science 31: 167–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1991.0011183X003100010038x
Baker S W. 1995. The effects of shade and changes in microclimate on the quality of turf at professional football clubs. I. Questionnaire survey. Journal of Sports Turf Research Institute. 71: 66–74.
Bar D and Schulz H. 1995. Effect of shade on turf grasses. Rasen- Turf-Gazon 26(2): 48–55.
Beard J B. 1997. Shade stresses and adaptation mechanisms of turf grasses. International Turf Grass Society Research Journal 8: 1186–95. Bell G E and Danneberger T K. 1999. Temporal shade on Creeping bent grass turf. Crop Science 39:1142-1146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1999.0011183X003900040032x
Bertaminia M, Muthuchelianb K, Rubinigga M, Zorera R, Velascoa R and Nedunchezhiana N. 2006. Low-night temperature increased the photoinhibition of photosynthesis in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Riesling) leaves. Environmental and Experimental Botany 57(1–2): 25–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.04.002
Boardman N K .1977. Comparative photosynthesis of sun and shade plants. Annual review Plant Physiology 28: 355–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.28.060177.002035
Bradley S Sladek, Gerald M Henry and Dick L Auld. 2009. Evaluation of zoysia grass genotypes for shade tolerance. Hort Science 44(5): 1447–47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.44.5.1447
Brouwer B, Ziolkowska A, Bagard M, Keech O and Gardeström P. 2012. The impact of light intensity on shade-induced leaf senescence. Plant Cell Environment 35: 1084–98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02474.x
Bunnell B T, McCarty L B and Bridges W C F. 2005. ‘Tifeagle’ Bermuda grass response to growth factors and mowing height when grown at various hours of sunlight. Crop Science 45: 575–81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.0575
Gaussoin R E, Baltensperger A A and Coffey B N. 1988. Response of 32 Bermuda grass clones to reduced light intensity. HortScience 23: 178–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.23.1.178
Gibson D J. 2009. Grasses and Grassland Ecology.Oxford University Press.
Givnish T J. 1986. Optimal stomatal conductance, allocation of energy between leaves and roots, and the marginal cost of transpiration. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, pp 171–13.
Jiang Y W, Duncan, R R and Carrow R N. 2004.Assessment of low light tolerance of Seashore Paspalum and Bermuda grass. Crop Science 44: 587–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.5870
Middleton S and McWaters A. 2002. Hail netting of apple orchards – Australian Experience. Compact Fruit Tree 35: 51–55.
Mohanty C R and Rai B G M. 2008. Relative performance of lawn grasses under different light intensities. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture 11(4): 281–86.
Nadeem M, Younis A, Riaz A and Hameed M. 2012. Growthresponse of some cultivars of Bermuda grass (Cyanodon dactylon L.) to salt stress. Pakistan Journal of Botany 44: 1347–50.
Newell A J, Hart-Woods J C and Wood A D. 1999. Effects of four different levels of shade on the performance of three grass mixtures for use in lawn tennis courts. Journal Turf Grass Science 75: 82–88.
Peacock C H and DudeckA E. 1981. Effects of shade on morphological and physiological parameters on St. Augustine grass cultivars. (In) Proceeding of 4th International Turf Grass Research Conference. 493–500.
Peterson K W, Fry J D and Bremer D J. 2014. Growth responses of Zoysia spp. under tree shade in the Midwestern United States. HortScience 49: 1444–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.49.11.1444
Qian Y L and Engelke M C. 1999. Infuence of trinexapac-ethyl on Diamond zoysia grass in a shaded environment. Crop Science 39: 202–08. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1999.0011183X003900010031x
Tegg and Lane 2004.A comparison of the performance and growth of a range of turf grass species under shade. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44(3): 353–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/EA02159
Trenholm L E and Nagata R T. 2005. Shade tolerance of St. Augustine grass cultivars. Hort Technology 15: 267–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.15.2.0267
Van Huylenbroeck, J M P Lootens and E Van Bockstaele 1999 Photosynthetic characteristics of perennial ryegrass and red fescue turf-grass cultivars. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.1999.00179.x
Wherley B G, Gardner D S, and Metzger J D. 2005. Tall fescue photomorphogenesis as influenced by changes in the spectral composition and light intensity. Crop Science 45: 562–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.0562
Xu Y, Chen H, Zhou H, Jin J and Hu T. 2011. Acclimation of morphology and physiology in turf grass to low light environment: A review. African Journal of Biotechnology 10: 9737–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.1260
Younis A, Riaz A, Ikram S, Nawaz T, Hameed M, Fatima S, Batool R and Ahmad F. 2013. Salinity-induced structural and functional changes in three cultivars of Alternanthra bettzikiana (Regel) G. Nicholson. Turkey Journal Agricultural Forestry 37: 674–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1301-78
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the articles published in The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences is vested with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, which reserves the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad, for reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information. The Council has no objection to using the material, provided the information is not being utilized for commercial purposes and wherever the information is being used, proper credit is given to ICAR.
How to Cite
