Impact of diverse tillage and nitrogen management on growth and yield of conservation agriculture-based wheat (Triticum aestivum)

C M  PARIHAR; KAMLESH  KUMAR; T K DAS; RENU  PANDEY; D K  SHARMA; V K  SHARMA; RAJKUMAR  DHAKAR; S L  JAT; KIRANMOY  PATRA; K SRIKANTH REDDY; AYAN  SARKAR; SNEHA BHARDWAJ; Y S SHARAWAT; H S NAYAK

doi:10.56093/ijas.v94i4.143508

Authors

C M PARIHAR ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
KAMLESH KUMAR ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
T K DAS ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
RENU PANDEY ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
D K SHARMA ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
V K SHARMA ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
RAJKUMAR DHAKAR ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
S L JAT ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, New Delhi
KIRANMOY PATRA ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
K SRIKANTH REDDY ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
AYAN SARKAR ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
SNEHA BHARDWAJ ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Assam
Y S SHARAWAT International Fertilizer Development Centre, India
H S NAYAK Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i4.143508

Keywords:

Crop yield, Permanent bed, Physiological maturity, Urea super granules, Zero tillage

Abstract

A study was carried out during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2020–21 and 2021–22 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to assess the effects of diverse tillage and nitrogen management scenarios on growth, development, and yield of a conservation agriculture (CA)-based wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop grown in sequence with maize (Zea mays L.). Experiment was conducted in split plot design (SPD) comprised of 3 different tillage practices in main plots [Conventional tillage + residue (CT); Zero tillage + residue (ZT); and Permanent beds + residue (PB)] and 5 nitrogen (N) options in sub plots [Control (zero nitrogen); Recommended dose of N-RDN @150 kg N/ha (50 kg N/ha Basal + 2-equal splits at 37 days after sowing (DAS) and 84 DAS); Green Seeker (GS) based application of N @148 kg N/ha (GS); Urea super granules applied as basal @75 kg N/ha + GS based N application (USG); and Slow release fertilizer as 100% basal application @150 kg N/ha (SRF)] with 3-replications. The findings revealed that in both the seasons, both tillage and nitrogen management approaches significantly affected wheat growth, yield characteristics, and overall yield, whereas the time to anthesis and physiological maturity, and test weight remained unaffected. Within the spectrum of tillage practices, leaf area index (LAI) and yield attributes exhibited the trend PB>ZT>CT. PB recorded the highest grain yield (5159 kg/ha), followed by ZT (4916 kg/ha) and the lowest grain yield was observed with CT (4578 kg/ha). The wheat grain yields were 12.7% and 7.4% higher in PB and ZT, respectively, over to CT. Among nitrogen management options, the grain yield exhibited the pattern USG>N150>SRF>GS>N₀. This study emphasizes that adopting conservation agriculture (CA) practices, particularly CA-based permanent beds using urea super granules (USG) for nitrogen management can improve wheat growth and yield.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alexandratos N and Bruinsma J. 2012. World agriculture towards 2030/2050: The 2012 revision. ESA Working paper No. 12-03. Rome, FAO.

Chisanga C B, Phiri E, Shepande C, Sichingabula H and Lusaka Z. 2015. Evaluating CERES-maize model using planting dates and nitrogen fertilizer in Zambia. Journal of Agricultural Science 7: 79–97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v7n3p79

DACNET. 2021. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India. https://eands.dacnet.nic.in/

DeJonge K, Ascough J, Andales A A, Hansen N, Garcia L and Arabi M. 2012. Improving evapotranspiration simulations in the CERES-Maize model under limited irrigation. Agricultural Water Management 115: 92–103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.08.013

Gomez K A and Gomez A A. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research, 2nd edn, An International Rice Research Institute Book. A Wiley-Inter-science Publication, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Govaerts B, Fuentes M, Mezzalama M, Nicol J M, Deckers J, Etchevers J D, Figueroa-Sandoval B and Sayre K D. 2007. Infiltration, soil moisture, root rot and nematode populations after 12 years of different tillage, residue and crop rotation managements. Soil Tillage Research 94: 209–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.07.013

Gungula D T, Togun A O and Kling J G. 2007. The effects of nitrogen rates on phenology and yield components of early maturing maize cultivars. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 13(3): 319–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v13i3.16711

Herrera J M, Noulas C, Stamp P and Pellet D. 2016. Little potential of spring wheat genotypes as a strategy to reduce nitrogen leaching in central Europe. Agronomy 6(2): 29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy6020029

IFDC (International Fertilizer Development Center). 2013. Fertilizer deep placement. IFDC solutions. IFDC, Muscle Shoals, AL, 6. http://issuu.com/ifdcinfo/docs/fdp_8pg_final_ web?e=1773260/1756718

Jat H S, Datta A, Choudhary M, Yadav A K, Choudhary V, Sharma P C, Gathala M K, Jat M L and McDonald A. 2019. Effects of tillage, crop establishment and diversification on soil organic carbon, aggregation, aggregate associated carbon and productivity in cereal systems of semi-arid north-west India. Soil and Tillage Research 190: 128–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.03.005

Jat M L, Chakraborty D, Ladha J K, Rana D S, Gathala M K, McDonald A and Gerard B. 2020. Conservation agriculture for sustainable intensification in South Asia. Nature Sustainability 3(4): 336–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0500-2

Kumar K, Parihar C M, Nayak H S, Godara S, Avinash G, Patra K, Sena D R, Reddy K S, Das T K, Jat S L, Ghatala M K, Singh U and Sharawat Y S. 2023. Enhancing maize yield in a conservation agriculture-based maize (Zea mays)- wheat (Triticum aestivum) system through efficient nitrogen management. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 93(4): 420–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v93i4.133484

Parihar C M, Jat S L, Singh A K, Kumar B, Singh Y, Pradhan S, Pooniya V, Dhauja A, Chaudhary V, Jat M L, Jat R K and Yadav O P. 2016a. Conservation agriculture in irrigated intensive maize-based systems of north-western India, effects on crop yields, water productivity and economic profitability. Field Crops Research 193: 104–116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.03.013

Parihar C M, Yadav M R, Jat S L, Singh A K, Kumar B, Pradhan S, Chakraborty D, Jat M L, Jat R K, Saharawat Y S and Yadav O P. 2016b. Long term effect of conservation agriculture in maize rotations on total organic carbon, physical and biological properties of a sandy loam soil in north-western Indo-Gangetic plains. Soil and Tillage Research 161: 116–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.04.001

Parihar C M, Singh A K, Jat S L, Dey A, Nayak H S, Mandal B N and Yadav O P. 2020. Soil quality and carbon sequestration under conservation agriculture with balanced nutrition in intensive cereal-based system. Soil and Tillage Research 202: 104653. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2020.104653

Patra S, Parihar C M, Mahala D M, Singh D, Nayak H S, Patra K, Reddy K S, Pradhan S and Sena D R. 2023. Influence of long-term tillage and diversified cropping systems on hydro- physical properties in a sandy loam soil of north-western India. Soil and Tillage Research 229: 105655. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2023.105655

Sidhu H S, Jat M L, Singh Y, Sidhu R K, Gupta N, Singh P and Gerard B. 2019. Sub-surface drip fertigation with conservation agriculture in a rice-wheat system: A breakthrough for addressing water and nitrogen use efficiency. Agricultural Water Management 216: 273–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.02.019

Squire G R. 1990. The physiology of Tropical Crop Production. CAB International.

Subbiah B V and Asija G L. 1956. A rapid procedure for the estimation of available nitrogen in soils. Current Science 25: 259–60.