Precision nitrogen, irrigation and cultivation regimes for enhanced yield, and nutrient accumulation in direct-seeded basmati rice (Oryza sativa)

VIJAY  PRATAP; ANCHAL  DASS; SHIVA  DHAR; KAVITA  KUMARI; S  SUDHISHRI

doi:10.56093/ijas.v94i6.145304

Authors

VIJAY PRATAP ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
ANCHAL DASS ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
SHIVA DHAR ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
KAVITA KUMARI ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
S SUDHISHRI ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i6.145304

Keywords:

Basmati, Direct-seeded rice, Irrigation regimes, Leaf colour chart, Precision N, SPAD meter, Water

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2019 and 2020 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to monitor the effect of precision nitrogen (N) and water management options on yield and nutrient acquisition in grain and straw of direct-seeded rice (DSR, basmati) (Oryza sativa L.). Experiment was conducted under two cultivation methods, in a triplicate split-plot design (SPD). The main-plots were allocated to 6 combinations of 2 DSR cultivation approaches, viz. growing DSR in ploughed land (CTDSR); and growing DSR without tilling the land (ZTDSR); and 3 water regimes [adequate water; water supply at 20% available soil moisture exhaustion (ASME); and 40% ASME + silicon (Si) supply @80 kg/ha]. Sub-plots had 3 N supply decisions, viz. 100% recommended rate of N (RRN: 150 kg/ha); NutrientExpert (NE) + leaf colour chart (LCC); and NE + soil plant analysis development (SPAD) meter-based N scheduling. Conventional till-direct seeded rice produced 1.9, 3.1 and 5.7% greater grain yield, grain protein content and protein yield, respectively, over ZTDSR; the respective improvement in grain N, P and K uptake was 5.9, 7.9 and 4.9%. Adequate water regime resulted in 11.5, 7.3 and 18.7% more grain yield, grain protein content and protein yield, respectively, over water supply at 20% ASME with concomitant enhancement in grain N, P and K uptake of 19, 24 and 23%, respectively. A significant improvement in grain yield (9.2%), grain protein (11.7%) content and protein yield (22.1%) was detected with NE® + SPAD meter- based N application over RRN; the N, P and K uptake in grain also spiked by 22.1, 42.1 and 31.7%, respectively. Hence, NE + SPAD-based N application and adequate water regime (irrigation at 72 h of drying of surface water) could be beneficial for improving yield and quality of both CA-based and conventionally cultivated DSR.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ali A M, Thind H S, Sharma S and Singh Y. 2015. Site-specific nitrogen management in dry direct-seeded rice using chlorophyll meter and leaf colour chart. Pedosphere 25(1): 72–81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(14)60077-1

Belder P, Bouman B A M, Spiertz J H J, Peng S, Castaneda A R and Visperas R M. 2005. Crop performance, nitrogen and water use in flooded and aerobic rice. Plant and Soil 273(1–2): 167–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-004-7401-4

Dass A, Chandra S, Uphoff N, Choudhary A K, Bhattacharyya R and Rana K S. 2017. Agronomic fortification of rice grains with secondary and micronutrients under differing crop management and soil moisture regimes in the north Indian Plains. Paddy and Water Environment 15: 745–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-017-0588-9

Dass A, Jat S L and Rana K S. 2015. Resource conserving techniques for improving nitrogen-use efficiency. Nutrient-use Efficiency: From Basics to Advances. Rakshit A, Singh H B and Sen A (Eds). Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2169-2_4

Dass A, Shekhawat K, Choudhary A K, Sepat S, Rathore S S, Mahajan G and Chauhan B S. 2017a. Weed management in rice using crop competition: A review. Crop Protection 95: 45–52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2016.08.005

Jagannath M A, Singh J K and Pratap V. 2021. Effect of irrigation and nitrogen management on yield and economics of SRI-grown hybrid rice (Oryza sativa). The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 91(11): 1617–621. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v91i11.118544

Juliano B O. 1985. Polysaccharides, proteins and lipids of rice. Rice: Chemistry and Technology, pp. 98. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Banos, Philippines.

Khan A W, Mann R A, Saleem M and Majeed A. 2012. Comparative rice yield and economic advantage of foliar KNO3 over soil applied K2SO4. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 49(4): 481–84.

Prasad R. 2011. Aerobic rice systems. Advances in Agronomy 111: 207–47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-387689-8.00003-5

Pratap V, Dass A, Dhar S, Babu S, Singh V K, Singh R, Krishnan P, Sudhishri S, Bhatia A, Kumar S, Choudhary A K, Singh R, Kumar P, Sarkar S K, Verma S K, Kumari K and San A A. 2022. Co-Implementation of tillage, precision nitrogen, and water management enhances water productivity, economic returns, and energy-use efficiency of direct-seeded rice. Sustainability 14: 11234. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811234

Pratap V, Verma S K and Dass A. 2023. Weed growth, nutrient removal and yield of direct-seeded rice as influenced by establishment methods and chemical-cum-mechanical weed management practices. Crop Protection 163: 106100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2022.106100

Pratap V, Verma S K, Dass A, Yadav D K, Jaysawal P K and Madane A J. 2021a. Productivity and profitability of direct- seeded rice under varying establishment methods and weed management practices. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 91(4): 537–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v91i4.112635

Pratap V, Verma S K, Dass A, Yadav D K, Madane A J, Maurya R and Jaysawal P K. 2021b. Effect of sowing and weed control methods on nutrient uptake and soil fertility in direct-seeded rice. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 91(9): 1337–341. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v91i9.116082

Rana K S, Choudhary A K, Sepat S, Bana R S and Dass A. 2014. Methodological and Analytical Agronomy, pp. 276. ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi.

Satyanarayana T, Majumdar K, Pampolino M, Johnston A M, Jat M L, Kuchanur P, Sreelatha D, Sekhar J C, Kumar Y and Maheswaran R. 2012. NutrientExpert®: A tool to optimize nutrient-use and improve productivity of maize. Better Crops- South Asia 6: 18–21.

Singh H, Buttar G S, Brar A S and Deol J S. 2017. Crop establishment method and irrigation schedule effect on water productivity, quality, economics and energetics of aerobic direct-seeded rice. Paddy and Water Environment 15: 101–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-016-0532-4