Identification and characterization of thorny and high temperature tolerant brinjal (Solanum melongena) genotype for hot arid environment

A K  VERMA; D K  SAMADIA; HANUMAN  RAM; CHET  RAM; P  KUMAR

doi:10.56093/ijas.v94i12.146839

Authors

A K VERMA ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334 006, India
D K SAMADIA ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334 006, India
HANUMAN RAM ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334 006, India
CHET RAM ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334 006, India
P KUMAR ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, Rajasthan

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i12.146839

Keywords:

Arid, High temperature, Solanum melongena, Thorny fruits, Yield

Abstract

Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the most common vegetable which is generally cultivated as rainy (kharif) season crop to get the fruits during autumn-winter season. However, the summer season crop has more potential than the kharif season as the fruits harvested during summer gets premium price in the market. But, getting high quality fruit yield during summer due to high temperature stress (>45°C) is a challenge particularly in hot arid agro-climate as the day and night temperature above 35°C reduces the pollen viability, fruit set, number of fruits/plant and colour retention to a great extent. The present study was carried out during 2020 and 2021 at ICAR-Central Institute of Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan to develop varieties with better quality fruit yield under high temperature conditions. The experiments were conducted in split plot design (SPD) considering environments as main plots and replicates within environment as subplots with three replications. As a result, CIAH-22 has been identified and characterized as a trait specific high temperature tolerant (up to 45°C) thorny brinjal genotype suitable for hot arid region. Fruit weight at marketable stage varied from 144.56–155.84 g that indicates bigger sized fruits with thorns on calyx which are preferred most by the local growers and consumers of this region. It has the yield potential of 2.18–3.72 kg fruits/plant and 447.78–471.74 q/ha. The identified genotype CIAH-22 was able to set fruits at temperature as high as 45°C which was also evidenced by its pollen viability i.e. 83.71%. High pollen viability significantly enhanced fruit set, fruit weight and number of fruits per plant and thereby yield under high temperature stress. Thus, this identified genotype can be a potential source for brinjal improvement for high temperature tolerance and regional preference of big-sized thorny fruits with attractive colour retention.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Akhtar S, Solankey S S, Kumari R and Rani N. 2017. Crucial reproductive traits as indices for screening brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) under high temperature stress. Indian Journal of Ecology 44(5): 331–36.

Amin S M R, Alam M Z, Rahman M M, Hossain M M and Mian I H. 2014. Study on the anatomical characteristics of brinjal varieties/lines influencing brinjal shoot and fruit borer infestation. International Journal of Economic Plants 1(1): 15–21.

Ansari S F, Mehta N, Ansari S and Gavel J P. 2011. Variability studies in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) in Chhattisgarh plains. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 2: 275–81.

Anonymous. 2020a. Annual Report 2020, pp. 54–55. ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan.

Anonymous. 2020b. CIAH Newsletter. ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan 20(1): 2.

Anonymous. 2021. Annual Report 2021, pp. 57. ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan.

Bhaduri P N. 1951. Inter-relationship of non-tuberiferous species of Solanum with some consideration on the origin of brinjal (S. melongena L.). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 11: 75–82.

Biswas M S, Akhond M A Y, Al-Amin M, Khatun M and Kabir M R. 2009. Genetic relationship among ten promising eggplant varieties using RAPD markers. Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 19(2): 119–26.

Collard B C Y and Mackill D J. 2009. Start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism: A simple, novel DNA marker technique for generating gene-targeted markers in plants. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 27: 86–93.

Dhatt A S and Kaur M. 2017. Genotypic response to heat stress tolerance in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Vegetable Science 44(2): 8–11.

Gogoi S, Mazumder N and Talukdar J. 2018. Evaluation of brinjal varieties for yield, genetic variability and disease reaction grown as late rabi season crop in Assam. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research 52: 191–94.

Khan H and Samadia D K. 2016. Developing brinjal genotypes for cultivation under hot arid agro-climate. Improving productivity of Drylands by Sustainable Resource Utilization and Management, pp. 205–14.

Devi Dayal, Deepesh Machiwal, Shamsudheen Mangalassery and R S Tripathi (Eds.). New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi, India.

Kumar A, Dahiya M S and Bhutani R D. 2000. Performance of brinjal genotypes in different environments of spring-summer season. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences 29: 82–83.

Miller G, Beery A, Singh P K, Wang F, Zelingher R, Motenko E and Lieberman-Lazarovich M. 2021. Contrasting processing tomato cultivars unlink yield and pollen viability under heat stress. AoB Plants 13(4): p.plab046.

Mohanty B K and Prusti A M. 2000. Genotype × environment interaction and stability analysis for yield and its components in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 70: 370–73.

Montgomery D C. 2017. Design and Analysis of Experiments, pp. 640. Wiley John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA.

Nath P, Srivatava V K, Dutta O P and Swamy K R M. 2008. Brinjal. Vegetable Crops Improvement and Production, pp. 52–55. Dr. Prem Nath Agricultural Science Foundation, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Ojiewo C O, Murakami K, Masinde P W and Agong S J. 2007. Mutation breeding of African nightshade (Solanum section Solanum). Fruit, Vegetable and Cereal Science and Biotechnology 1: 39–52.

Pandit M K, Thapa H, Akhtar S and Hazra P. 2010. Evaluation of brinjal genotypes for growth and reproductive characters with seasonal variation. Journal of Crop and Weed 6(2): 31–34.

Patel K K and Sarnaik D K. 2003. Performance study of long fruited genotypes of brinjal under Raipur conditions. Orissa Journal of Horticulture 31(1): 74–77.

Pearson H M and Harney P M. 1984. Pollen viability in Rosa. Hort Science 19: 710–11.

Roberts A V. 1977. Relationship between species in the genus Rosa, section Pimpinellifoliae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 74: 309–28.

Samadia D K and Haldhar S M. 2019. Scope and strategies for genetic improvement in vegetable crop-plants under high temperature and abiotic stressed climate of Rajasthan: A gap analysis. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology 8: 1–18.

Samadia D K, Haldhar S M, Verma A K and Saroj P L. 2019. Brinjal-Thar Rachit for cultivation under hot arid agro-climate. Indian Horticulture 64(2): 39–41.

Santhiya S, Saha P, Tomar B S and Jaiswal S. 2019. Heat stress tolerance study in eggplant based on morphological and yield traits. Indian Journal of Horticulture 76(4): 691–700.

Singh N and Kalda T S. 2000. Brinjal. Textbook of Vegetables, Tuber crops and Spices, pp. 31. S Thamburaj and N Singh (Eds). ICAR, New Delhi.

Singh A K, Rana M K, Singh S, Kumar S, Kumar R and Singh R. 2014. CAAT box-derived polymorphism (CBDP): A novel promoter-targeted molecular marker for plants. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 23: 175–83.

Sultana S, Islam M N and Hoque M E. 2018. DNA fingerprinting and molecular diversity analysis for the improvement of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cultivars. Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics 1(1): 1–6

Tiwari A, Rajesh S J, Piyush T and Nayak S. 2009. Phytochemical investigations of crown of Solanum melongena (L.) fruit. International Journal of Phytomedicine 1: 9–11.

Tsukaguchi T Y, Kawamitsu H, Takeda K, Suzuki K and Egawa Y. 2003. Water status of flower buds and leaves as affected by high temperature in heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive cultivars of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plant Production Science 6: 24–27.

Vavilov N I. 1931. The role of central Asia in the origin of cultivated plants. Bulletin of Applied Botany Genetics and Plant Breeding 26(3): 3–44.

Verma A K, Samadia D K, Ram C, Ram H and Gangadhara K. 2023. Identification and characterization of photo-thermo insensitive cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes for hot arid environment. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 93(9): 978–83.