Pathogenic variation and genetic diversity of Alternaria sesami, causal agent of leaf spot of sesame (Sesamum indicum)

SHIVAM  MAURYA; MAHABEER  SINGH; SHARDA  CHOUDHARY; SHAILESH  GODIKA; LALITA  LAKHRAN; KAVITA  KANSOTIA; PRAHLAD  MUSURKAR

doi:10.56093/ijas.v95i6.148204

Authors

SHIVAM MAURYA Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303 329, India
MAHABEER SINGH Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303 329, India
SHARDA CHOUDHARY National Research Centre for Seed and Spices, Tabiji, Ajmer, Rajasthan
SHAILESH GODIKA Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303 329, India
LALITA LAKHRAN Agriculture University Jodhpur, Rajasthan
KAVITA KANSOTIA Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303 329, India
PRAHLAD MUSURKAR Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v95i6.148204

Keywords:

Genetic diversity, Molecular Marker, Plant Disease, RAPD, Sesame

Abstract

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), is an economically important oilseed crop. In sesame, the most important fungal disease is Alternaria blight, caused by Alternaria sesami. The present study was carried out during 2020–21 and 2021–22 at Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan to analyse morphological and genetic differences among the various isolates of Alternaria sesami, which will provide a path for improved management against the pathogen. The study was conducted under a pot condition using the Alternaria blight-susceptible sesamum cultivar (RT-46). A. sesami isolates were collected from diverse geographical regions of Rajasthan. Cultural studies revealed significant variation in colony morphology, size of conidia, and number of septa. Pathogenicity tests identified varying degrees of virulence, with the isolate AsJP1 showing the highest virulence and disease intensity (63.29%). RAPD markers revealed substantial genetic variation among A. sesami isolates, suggesting multiple sources of the pathogen. Phylogenetic analysis delineated distinct genetic clusters, highlighting potential evolutionary relationships among isolates. RAPD primers, viz. OPD-03, OPD-04, OPD-08, and OPD-10, showed 100% polymorphism, and the least polymorphism was observed with primer OPD-09 (95.34%). The present study will provide a platform to develop effective management strategies by unveiling the genetic variation and pathogenic variability of A. sesami.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abo-Ghazala M M, El-Shazly A M andTolba I H. 2019. Characterization of Bipolaris sorokiniana and Alternaria sesami isolates obtained from sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in Egypt. Al-Azhar Journal of Agricutural Research 44(1): 74–87.

Adhikari T B, Muzhinji N, Halterman D and Louws F J. 2021. Genetic diversity and population structure of Alternaria species from tomato and potato in North Carolina and Wisconsin. Science Report 11(1): 17024.

Al‐lami H F, You M P, Mohammed A E and Barbetti M J. 2020. Virulence variability across the Alternaria spp. population determines incidence and severity of Alternaria leaf spot on rapeseed. Plant Pathology 69(3): 506–17.

Dossa K, Wei X, Zhang Y, Fonceka D, Yang W, Diouf D, Liao B, Cisse N and Zhang X. 2016. Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of sesame accessions from Africa and Asia as major centers of its cultivation. Genes 7: 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes7040014

Eswarappa V, Kumar K T V and Rani H V. 2011. Inheritance study and identification of RAPD marker linked to alternaria blight resistance in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Current Biotica 4(4): 453–60.

Fagodiya R K, Trivedi A, Fagodia B L and Ratnoo R S. 2021. Prevalence and distribution of Alternaria leaf spot in soybean growing areas of Rajasthan. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 91(5): 699–702.

Knight N L, Vaghefi N, Kikkert J R, Bolton M D, Secor G A, Rivera V V and Pethybridge S J. 2019. Genetic diversity and structure in regional

Cercospora beticola populations from Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris suggest two clusters of separate origin. Phytopathology 109(7): 1280–92.

Kolte S J. 2018. Rapeseed-mustard and sesame diseases. Diseases of Annual Edible Oilseed Crops. Vol II. CRC press.

Leiminger J H, Auinger H J, Wenig M, Bahnweg G and Hausladen H. 2013. Genetic variability among Alternaria solani isolates from potatoes in southern Germany based on RAPD-profiles. Journal of Plant Disease and Protection 120: 64–172.

Liu K and Muse S V. 2005. PowerMarker: An integrated analysis environment for genetic marker analysis. Bioinformatics 21(9): 2128–29.

Lupascu G, Mogilda A and Ganea A. 2019. Variability of Sesamum indicum L. germplasm in the reaction to Alternaria alternata fungus. Romanian Journal of Biology-Plant Biology 64(1): 49–59.

Manjunatha N, Sharma J, Somnath S, Pokhare, Agarrwal R, Prakash G, Patil, Jaydip D, Sirsat, Mansi G, Chakranarayan, Bicchal A, Anmol S, Ukale and Rajiv A. 2022. Characterization of Alternaria and Colletotrichum spp. associated with pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) in Maharashtra state of India. Journal of Fungus 8(10): 1040.

Masiello M, Somma S, Susca A, Ghionna V, Logrieco A F, Franzoni M and Moretti A. 2020. Molecular identification and mycotoxin production by Alternaria species occurring on durum wheat, showing black point symptoms. Toxins 12(4): 275.

Masurkar P, Bag M K, Ray A, Singh R K, Baite M S and Rath P C. 2022. Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of rice false smut pathogen in north India using molecular markers. Journal of Phytopathology 170(2): 124–40

Nayyar B G, Woodward S, Mur L A, Akram A, Arshad M, Naqvi S S and Akhund S. 2017. The incidence of Alternaria spp. associated with infected Sesamum indicum L. seeds from fields of the Punjab, Pakistan. The Plant Pathology Journal 33(6): 543.

Nikam P S, Suryawanshi A P and Chavan A A. 2015. Pathogenic, cultural, morphological and molecular variability among eight isolates of Alternaria solani, causing early blight of tomato. African Journal of Biotechnology 14(10): 872–77.

Peakall R and Smouse P. 2012. GenAlEx 6.5: Genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research: An update. Bioinformatics 28: 2537–39.

Pritchard J K, Wen X and Falush D. 2010. Documentation for structure software: Version 2.3. University of Chicago, Chicago. Sharaby N and Butovchenko A. 2019. Cultivation technology of sesame seeds and its production in the world and in Egypt.

In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 403(1): 012093. IOP Publishing.

Singh V B, Singh A K, Srivastava J N and Singh S K. 2020. Important diseases of sesamum (Sesamum indicum L.) and their management. Diseases of Field Crops Diagnosis and Management, pp. 259–85. Apple Academic Press.

Zelmat L, Mansi J M, Aouzal S, Gaboun F, Khayi S, Ibriz M and Mentag R. 2021. Genetic diversity and population structure of moroccan isolates belong to Alternaria spp. causing black rot and brown spot in citrus. International Journal of Genomics. doi: 10.1155/2021/9976969.

Zhao B, Yan J, Zhang S, Liu X and Gao Z. 2014. Phylogeny and pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. isolated from greenhouse melon soil in Liaoning Province. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 21: 374–79. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.10.004