Growth response of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) to TiO2 nanoparticles exposure in Inceptisol of north-western mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh

PERMINDER SINGH  BRAR; GITIKA  BHARDWAJ; RAJESH  KAUSHAL; RAMESH KUMAR  BHARDWAJ; UPENDER  SINGH; UDAY  SHARMA

doi:10.56093/ijas.v95i6.152009

Authors

PERMINDER SINGH BRAR M S Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh
GITIKA BHARDWAJ Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 230, India
RAJESH KAUSHAL Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 230, India
RAMESH KUMAR BHARDWAJ Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 230, India
UPENDER SINGH Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 230, India
UDAY SHARMA Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 230, India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v95i6.152009

Keywords:

Cabbage, Growth, Nanoparticle, Titanium dioxide, Yield

Abstract

The experiment was conducted during 2020–21 and 2021–22 at Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh for assessing the effects of TiO₂ (Titanium dioxide) nanoparticles on cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) growth, yield and economics under Agro-Climatic Zone- II of Himachal Pradesh. A field experiment was laid out in a randomized block dsesign (RBD) with three replications having 13 treatments , comprised of seed and foliar application of TiO₂ nanoparticles (size <25 nm) combined with different nutrient sources. Results revealed that by the application of 100% RDN through integration of chemical fertilizers and vermicompost; the maximum plant height, spread and yield were recorded under seed treatment of TiO₂ nanoparticles @1000 ppm. The findings have also demonstrated that the least number of days needed to attain 50% head maturity, total N content and N uptake was achieved with seed treatment of TiO₂ nanoparticles @1000 ppm. Whereas, total P, K and Fe content; P and K uptake was recorded under foliar spray of TiO₂ nanoparticles @1000 ppm. Among all the treatments, 1000 ppm concentration of TiO₂ nanoparticles concluded with higher yield attributes and maximum benefit-cost ratio (3.76). When it comes to soil characteristics, the integration of chemical fertilizers and vermicompost resulted in improved physico-chemical and microbiological properties which, in general, may be profitable and sustainable for cabbage cultivation in Inceptisol of north-western mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh.

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