Identification of novel source of resistance to powdery mildew in bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)

JOGENDRA  SINGH; J K  RANJAN; B S  TOMAR; A K  SINGH; G S  JAT; G P  MISHRA; JAMEEL  AKHTAR; PRAGYA; RAJKIRAN; M  VERMA

doi:10.56093/ijas.v95i1.155432

Authors

JOGENDRA SINGH ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
J K RANJAN ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
B S TOMAR ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
A K SINGH ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
G S JAT ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
G P MISHRA ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
JAMEEL AKHTAR ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi
PRAGYA ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi
RAJKIRAN ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi
M VERMA ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v95i1.155432

Keywords:

AUDPC, Bottle gourd, PDI, Powdery mildew, rAUDPC

Abstract

Powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii is one of the prevalent fungal diseases causing significant economic loss in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.]. The present study was carried out during 2021 to 2023 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to identify the novel source of resistance to powdery mildew in bottle gourd. About 82 diverse genotypes of bottle gourd were screened under controlled conditions and experiment was conducted in three replications with five seedlings in each germplasm. The seedlings were artificially inoculated with powdery mildew spores using dusting method at cotyledonary leaf stage. Disease severity on 0–9 scale was recorded from 7–28 days post inoculation. The mean per cent disease index (PDI) value at 4 weeks post inoculation (WPI) ranged from 0.00–98.52% (2021), 0.74–93.33% (2022), and 0.00–97.04% (2023) across the years of screening. Disease pressure was high over the years as indicated by higher PDI shown by susceptible genotypes. A rapid increase in PDI was recorded during 1–2 WPI, reaching highest at 4 WPI. This suggests that preventive measures to control powdery mildew should be implemented as soon as symptoms appear in the field. Three genotypes, viz. EC800996, EC800998 and IC337078 were identified as resistant having low pooled mean PDI value ranging from 0.00–8.89%. Moderate resistant reaction was reported in Pusa Santusthi, IC296733, EC1085257, EC1085231, IC567545, and IC567534. Additionally, low values of AUDPC and rAUDPC further indicates slow progression of disease after inoculation in resistant and moderately resistant genotypes. The resistant genotypes identified may serve as potential source for resistance breeding against powdery mildew in bottle gourd.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Anonymous. 2023. Horticultural statistics at a glance. Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, GoI.

Chakravarty H L. 1982. Fascicles of Flora of India Fascicle

11. Cucurbitaceae, pp. 136. Botanical Survey of India, Howrah, India.

Chaudhary J and Banyal D K. 2016. Study of slow mildewing components of powdery mildew of pea caused by Erysiphe pisi. Plant Disease Research 31: 138–14.

Chauhan S S A, Islam S, Prasad L, Singh S, Ellur R K and Tomar B

S. 2023. Screening of onion (Allium cepa) genotypes to find out novel resistant source against purple blotch (Alternaria porri). The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 93(11): 1208–13.

Cohen R, Burger Y and Katzir N. 2004. Monitoring physiological races of Podosphaera xanthii (syn. Sphaerotheca fuliginea), the causal agent of powdery mildew in cucurbits:Factorsaffecting race identification and the importance for research and commerce. Phytoparasitica 32: 174–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02979784

Davis A R, Levi A, Tetteh A, Wehner T C and Pitrat M. 2006. Watermelon resistance to powdery mildew race 1 and race 2. Procceding of Cucurbitaceae, pp. 412–20. Holmes G J (Ed.). Universal Press, Raleigh, NC.

Davis A R, Levi A, Tetteh A, Wehner T C and Pitrat M. 2007. Evaluation of watermelon and related species for resistance to race 1W powdery mildew. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 132: 790–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.132.6.790

Decker-Walters D S, Staub J E, Lopez-Sese A and Nakata E. 2001. Diversity in landraces and cultivars of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria; Cucurbitaceae) as assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA. Genetic Resource and Crop Evolution 48: 369–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012079323399

Feng J, Wang M, See D R, Chao S, Zheng Y and Chen X. 2018. Characterization of novel gene Yr79 and four additional quantitative trait loci for all-stage and high-temperature adult- plant resistance to stripe rust in spring wheat PI 182103. Phytopathology 108(6): 737–47. https://doi.org/10.1094/ PHYTO-11-17-0375-R DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-11-17-0375-R

Heiser C B. 1979. The gourd book. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. Oklahoma, USA.

Hirose S, Tanda S, Kiss L, Grigaliunaite B, Havrylenko M and Takamatsu S. 2005. Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the maple powdery mildew (Sawadaea, Erysiphaceae) inferred from nuclear rDNA sequences. Mycological Research 109: 912–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756205003527

Hong Y J, Hossain M R, Kim H T, Park J I and Nou I S. 2018. Identification of two new races of podosphaera xanthii causing powdery mildew in melon in south Korea. Plant Pathology Journal 34: 182–90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.12.2017.0261

Jahn M, Munger H M and Mc Creight J D. 2002. Breeding cucurbit crops for powdery mildew resistance. The Powdery Mildews:A Comprehensive Treatise, pp. 239–48. Belanger R R, Bushnell W R, Dik A J and Carver T L W (Eds.). APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota.

Jeffrey C. 1967. Cucurbitaceae. Flora of Tropical East Africa,

pp. 47–53. Milnep-Redlead E and Polhill R M (Eds.). Crown Agents, London, UK.

Kousik C S, Levi A, Ling K S and Wechter W P. 2008. Potential sources of resistance to cucurbit powdery mildew in U.S. plant introductions of bottle gourd. HortScience 43: 1359– 64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.43.5.1359

Kousik C S, Donahoo R S, Webster C G, Turechek W W, Adkins S T and Roberts P D. 2011. Outbreak of cucurbit powdery mildew on watermelon fruit caused by Podosphaera xanthii in southwest Florida. Plant Disease 95: 1586. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-11-0521

Kousik C S, Ikerd J L, Mandal M K, Adkins S, Webster C G and Turechek W W. 2018a. Powdery mildew–resistant bottle gourd germplasm lines: USVL351-PMR and USVL482- PMR. HortScience 53: 1224–7. https://doi.org/10.21273/ HORTSCI13067-18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI13067-18

Kousik C S, Mandal M and Hassell R. 2018b. Powdery mildew resistant rootstocks that impart tolerance to grafted susceptible watermelon scion seedlings. Plant Disease 102: 1290–98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-17-1384-RE

Lebeda A, McGrath M T and Sedlakova B. 2010. Fungicide resistance in cucurbit powdery mildew fungi. Fungicides, pp. 221–46. Carisse O (Eds.). InTech Publishers, Rijeka, Croatia. Ling K S and Levi A. 2007. Sources of resistance to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in Lagenaria siceraria germplasm. HortScience

42: 1124–26.

Liu H, Han G, Gu T, Jin Y, Shi Z, Xing L, Yan H, Wang J, Hao C, Zhao M and An D. 2022. Identification of the major QTL QPm.cas-7D for adult plant resistance to wheat powdery mildew. Frontiers in Plant Science 13: 1042399. https://doi. org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1042399 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1042399

Madden L V, Hughes G and Van den Bosch F. 2007. The Study of Plant Disease Epidemics. APS Press St. Paul, Minnesota.

McGrath M T. 2017. Powdery mildew. Compendium of Cucurbit Diseases and Pests, 2nd edn, pp. 62–64. Keinath A P, Wintermantel W M and Zitter T A (Eds.). APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota.

Perez-Garcia A, Romero D, Fernandez-Ortuno D, Lopez-Ruiz F, De Vicente A and Tores J A. 2009. The powdery mildew fungus Podosphaera fusca (synonym Podosphaera xanthii), a constant threat to cucurbits. Molecular Plant Pathology 10: 153–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2008.00527.x

Prasanth K, Varalakshmi B, Venugopalan R and Sriram S. 2019. Screening of bitter gourd germplasm and advanced breeding lines against powdery mildew. Indian Phytopathology 72: 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42360-018-0070-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42360-018-0070-7

Simko I. 2021. IdeTo: Spreadsheets for calculation and analysis of area under the disease progress over time data. PhytoFrontiers™ 1(3): 244–7. https://doi.org/10.1094/ PHYTOFR-11-20- 0033-A DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTOFR-11-20-0033-A

Singh J, Munshi A D, Singh D, Meena B R, Singh A K, Nagar A, Lyngdoh Y A, Tomar B S, Dey S S, Ranjan J K, Singh N, Kumar N and Mahajani K. 2024. Identification of new stable resistant sources and assessing agro-morphological performance of sponge gourd germplasm against Tomato Leaf curl New Delhi Virus incidence. Frontiers in Plant Science 15: 1373352. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1373352 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1373352

Sitterly W P. 1978. Powdery mildew of cucurbits. The Powdery Mildews, pp. 359–79. Spencer D M (Eds). Academic Press, London.

Sulima A S and Zhukov V A. 2022. War and peas: Molecular bases of resistance to powdery mildew in pea (Pisum sativum L.) and other legumes. Plants 11(3): 339. https://doi.org/10.3390/ plants11030339 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030339

Takamatsu S and Kano Y. 2001. PCR primers useful for nucleotide sequencing of rDNA of the powdery mildew fungi. Mycoscience 42: 135–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02463987

Thomas C E, Levi A and Caniglia E. 2005. Evaluation of U.S. plant introductions of watermelon for resistance to powdery mildew. HortScience 40:154–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.40.1.154

Tetteh A Y, Wehner T C and Davis A R. 2010. Identifying Resistance to Powdery Mildew Race 2W in the USDA-ARS Watermelon Germplasm Collection. Crop Science 50:933-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2009.03.0135

Wheeler B E J. 1969. An Introduction to Plant Diseases, pp. 254. John Wiley and Sons Ltd; London, UK.

Whitaker T W. 1971. Endemism and Pre-Columbian Migration of Bottle Gourd, Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. Man across the Sea: Problems of Pre-Columbian Migration, University of Texas Press, 64–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7560/701175-019

Xu X, Chen Y, Li B, Zhang Z, Qin G, Chen T and Tian S. 2022. Molecular mechanisms underlying multi-level defense responses of horticultural crops to fungal pathogens. Horticulture Research 14: 9. uhac066. https://doi.org/10.1093/ hr/uhac066 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhac066

Yadav V, Wang Z, Lu G, Sikdar A, Yang X and Zhang X. 2021. Evaluation of watermelon germplasm and advance breeding lines against powdery mildew race ‘2F’. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 58(1): 321–30.

Zhang Z, Wang K, Chen C, Tian S, Wu J, Li J, Kong L, Yang X, Zhang C, Li Y, Zhu H and Xiao D. 2023. Transcriptome sequence analysis of defense response of resistant and susceptible bottle gourd to powdery mildew. Agronomy 13: 1406. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051406 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051406

Zitter T A, Hopkins D L and Thomas C E. 1996. Compendium of Cucurbits Diseases. APS Press, Saint Paul, Minnesota.