Synthesized steam activated wheat-straw-biochar (SABC) and microwave-assisted modified fly ash (MMFA) reduced Cd and Pb uptake in wastewater irrigated wheat
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Authors
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Dr. ABHIJIT SARKAR
Scientist, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science,Bhopal, India
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Mrs. MADHUMONTI SAHA
Ph.D. Scholar
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Dr. P.K. BISWAS
Professor
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Dr. J.K. SAHA
Principal Scientist
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Dr. SANDIP MANDAL
Senior Scientist
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Dr. D.K. YADAV
Scientist
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Dr. SANGEETA LENKA
Principal Scientist
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Dr. M.V. COUMAR
Senior Scientist
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Dr. A. MANDAL
Senior Scientist
Keywords:
Steam-activated biochar, Modified fly ash, Lead, Cadmium, Wheat, Wastewater irrigationAbstract
Wastewater irrigation to the agricultural crops become inevitable due to water scarcity. Worldwide agricultural crops are susceptible to toxicity from lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). To effectively remove those metals from contaminated soils, an ecological strategy is therefore needed. This study aimed to prepare two diverse amendments: one organic material, such as steam-activated wheat straw biochar (SABC) and another inorganic industrial waste, such as microwave-assisted alkali-infused fly ash (MMFA); and assess their effects on the Pb and Cd uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under contaminated soils. The overall plant growth of wheat was found to be positively impacted by both SABC and MMFA compared to the control and unamended soils. Furthermore, MMFA and SABC reduced the uptake of Cd and Pb, respectively by the above- and below-ground biomass of wheat. The addition of SABC considerably raised the pH and SOC of the soil by 0.18 and 26%, respectively. Additionally, in wheat post-harvest soils, SABC and MMFA reduced DTPA extractable Pb and Cd by 58-72% and 35-61%, respectively. Furthermore, assessment of the translocation factor (TF) and bioconcentration factor (BCF) also support the capacity of SABC and MMFA to immobilize Pb and Cd in soil and lower their phytoavailability in contaminated soil, thereby reducing concerns related to food security.
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