Hybridization of potential germplasm to create genetic variation for identification of superior cross combinations in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)

NIRDESH KUMAR  CHAUDHARY; LOKESH KUMAR  GANGWAR; SHIVA  MOHAN; RAJ  KUMAR; VIVEK  KUMAR; PREMNATH  EDHIGALLA

doi:10.56093/ijas.v95i2.156570

Authors

NIRDESH KUMAR CHAUDHARY Raja Balwant Singh College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh
LOKESH KUMAR GANGWAR Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
SHIVA MOHAN Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh
RAJ KUMAR Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
VIVEK KUMAR Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
PREMNATH EDHIGALLA Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v95i2.156570

Keywords:

Bread wheat, Combining ability, Diallele, Heterosis

Abstract

A systematic hybridization was made for inducing genetic variation to produce high yielding genotypes with a high degree of heterosis and combining ability. The present study was carried out at during winter (rabi) season 2020–21 and 2021–22 at Crop Research Centre, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh to identify superior genotypes with strong general combining ability (GCA) and crosses with the potential to significantly enhance wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields in the future. The experiment was conducted with 10 parents to produce 45 hybrids using half diallele mating design, while evaluation of the same 10 parents and 45 hybrids using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications, grown under normal conditions. Analysis of variance revealed that both sources of variation i.e. GCA and specific combining ability (SCA), were significant with regard to all the studied traits. Boxplot revealed that hybridization creates sufficient genetic variation for all the traits. Based on the magnitude of GCA effects, genotypes NW 5054, UP 262, and HD 2285 have been observed as significant combiners for the trait grain yield/plant. Estimates of SCA and per se performance, cross K 9162 × WR 544 followed by UP 262 × HD 3086, UP 262 × WR 544, HD 2285 × PBW 226, and DBW 187 × NW 5054, were the best significant specific combiners for grain yield/plant. The best heterosis crosses were UP 262 × HD 3086, K 9162 × WR 544, UP 262 × HD 2285, UP 262 × WR 544, HD 2285 × PBW 226, and DBW 187 × NW 5054, which exhibited superior heterosis over both better and mid parents for grain yield per plant. These parents and hybrids can be used further for crop improvement.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abas S A, Abod N M and Al-Hamed Z A. 2018. Heterosis, combining ability and some genetic parameters in wheat using half diallel mating design. Journal of Plant Production, Mansoura University 9(1): 1–5.

Ahmad I, Mahmood N, Khaliq I and Khan N. 2016. Genetic analysis for five important morphological attributes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 26(3): 725–30.

Al-Mamun M, Rafii M Y, Misran A B, Berahim Z, Ahmad Z, Khan M M H and Oladosu Y. 2022. Combining ability and gene action for yield improvement in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) under tropical conditions through diallel mating design. Scientific Reports 12(1): 9646.

Aziz M A and Masmoudi K 2024. Molecular breakthroughs in modern plant breeding techniques. Horticultural Plant Journal 11(1): 15–41

Campbell B, Thornton P, Loboguerrero A M, Dinesh D and Nowak A. 2023. Transforming Food Systems Under Climate Change Through Innovation. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781009227216

Giraldo P, Benavente E, Manzano-Agugliaro F and Gimenez E. 2019. Worldwide research trends on wheat and barley: A bibliometric comparative analysis. Agronomy 9(7): 352

Gowda M, Longin C F H, Lein V and Reif J C. 2012. Relevance of specific versus general combining ability in winter wheat. Crop Science 52: 2494–2500.

Griffing B. 1956. Concept of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel crossing systems. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 9(4): 463–93.

Gul S, Aziz M K, Ahmad R I, Liaqat S, Rafiq M and Hussain F. 2015. Estimation of heterosis and heterobeltiosis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crosses. Basic Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Review 4(5): 151–57.

Gupta A, Singh C, Kumar V, Tyagi B S, Tiwari V, Chatrath R and Singh G P. 2018. Wheat Varieties Notified in India Since 1965, pp. 101. ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana.

Hayman B. 1954. The theory and analysis of diallel crosses. Genetics 39: 789–809.

Kajla S L, Sharma A K, Singh H, Bhakal M, Kumari N and Natwaria M R. 2022. Combining ability analysis for grain yield and it’s contributing traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) over environments. The Pharma Innovation Journal 11(1): 1797–1800.

Kalhoro F A, Rajpar A A, Kalhoro S A, Mahar A, Ali A, Otho S A, Soomro R N, Ali F and Baloch Z A. 2015. Heterosis and combing ability in F1 population of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). American Journal of Plant Sciences 6: 1011–26.

Khokhar A A, Jatoi W A, Nizamani F G, Rind R A, Nizamani M M, Wang H, Mehmood A and Khokhar M U. 2019. Study of heterosis analysis in F1 population of bread wheat. Pure and Applied Biology 8(2): 1757–70.

Kumar J, Singh S K, Singh L, Kumar M, Srivastava M, Singh J and Kumar A. 2017. Combining ability analysis for yield and its components in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under abiotic stress. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 6(3): 24–39.

Kumar R, Mehta V S, Shekhawat S, Patel N and Vora Z N. 2019. Heterosis for grain yield and yield components in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over environments. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8(7): 2896–2907.

Kumari J, Dikshit H K, Singh B and Singh D. 2015. Combining ability and character association of agronomic and biochemical traits in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Scientia Horticulturae 181: 26–33.

Longin C F, Gowda M, Muhleisen J, Ebmeyer E, Kazman E, Schachschneider R, Schacht J, Kirchhoff M, Zhao Y and Reif J C. Hybrid Wheat: Quantitative genetic parameters and consequences for the design of breeding programs. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126: 2791–801.

Longin C F H. 2016. Future of wheat breeding is driven by hybrid wheat and efficient strategies for pre-breeding on quantitative traits. Journal of Botanical Sciences 3(2016): 32–33.

Mahpara S, Ali Z, Farooq J, Hussain S and Bibi R. 2015. Heterosis and heterobeltiosis analysis for spike and its attributes in different wheat crosses. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 14(7): 396–400.

MOA&FW. 2023. Annual Report 2023–24. Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India.

Motawea M H. 2017. Heterosis and combining ability studies for grain yield and some contributing traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under normal and late sowing conditions. Journal of Plant Production 8(12): 1363–72.

Nagar S S, Kumar P, Vishwakarma S R and Gupta V. 2018. Diallel analysis of some grain yield traits in wheat. Wheat and Barley Research 10(1): 45–51.

Nageshwar S V S, Singh L, Kumar S, Kishore N and Singh A K. 2021. Selection of good combiner for further crop improvement by diallel analysis for central plan zone in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The Pharma Innovation Journal 10(12): 910–21.

Rojas B A and Sprague G F. 1952. A comparison of variance components in corn yield trials: III. General and specific combining ability and their interaction with locations and years. Agronomy Journal 44: 462–66.

Salem T, Rabie H, Mowafy S, Eissa A and Mansour E. 2020. Combining ability and genetic components of egyptian cotton for earliness, yield, and fiber quality traits. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 52(4): 369–89.

Shah A A, Mondal S K, Khurshid H and Wani A A. 2018. Heterosis for yield and yield component traits in F1 and F2 generation of winter and spring wheat derivatives (line × tester). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 7(5): 644–48.

Sharma V, Dodiya N S, Dubey R B, Khandagale S G and Shekhawat N. 2018. Estimation of heterosis for yield and some yield components in bread wheat. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 7(6): 1742–45.

Shrief S A, EL-Shafi M A A, El-Ssadi S A and EL-Lattif H M A. 2019. Mean -Performance, interrelationships and path analysis of yield traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crosses. Plant Archives 19(2): 2425–35.

Tayade S D, Potdukhe N R, Das B K, Gahukar S J, Swati B and Phuke R M. 2019. Combining ability analysis in direct crosses for yield and yield related traits among bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 8(6): 1772–77.

Tiwari R, Marker S and Meghawal D R. 2017. Combining ability estimates for spike characters in F1 hybrids developed through diallel crosses among macaroni wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 6(2): 237–41.

USDA. 2022. Foreign Agricultural Service Circular Series WAP, pp. 5–22. Department of Agriculture, United States.