Farmer readiness for Ag-IoT adoption in India: A survey study
175 / 74
Keywords:
Ag-IoT security challenges, Digital transformation, Rural agriculture digitisation, Smart agricultureAbstract
Internet of Things based Agriculture (Ag-IoT) is widely adopted by farmers and agriculturists worldwide. Ag-IoT involves technologies such as the internet, sensors, and communication technologies that help automate agricultural labour and improve monitoring, efficiency, and cost. The survey was conducted during 2021 to 2024 with the objective to find out the farmers' readiness for adopting Ag-IoT ecosystems in India using qualitative research methodology, and data were collected through a questionnaire and one-to-one interviews with 100 farmers from six states of India. The findings indicated that 86% of respondents expressed willingness to adopt Ag-IoT technologies. 61% of respondents have no concern of security and privacy in Ag-IoT. However, only 24% of farmers were aware of Ag-IoT, indicating a significant awareness gap about Ag-IoT solutions, security and privacy. Also, the outcome score of 46.19 from the correlation analysis indicated the positive influence of study parameters on the conclusions drawn from our study. The outcomes of this survey can be used by policymakers, researchers, and technology developers to design strategies to promote the secure and effective adoption of Ag-IoT solutions in agricultural communities. Specifically, security researchers need to develop suitable digital forensics and incident response management solutions for Ag-IoT to support its growth and adoption.
Downloads
References
Antony A P, Leith K, Jolley C, Lu J and Sweeney D J. 2020. A review of practice and implementation of the internet of things (IoT) for smallholder agriculture. Sustainability 12(9): 3750.
ADB. 2018. Internet Plus Agriculture: A new engine for rural economic growth in the People’s Republic of China, pp. 68. Asian Development Bank, Manila, Philippines.
Ahmad T, Ahsan S, Farooq M, Gulzar M, Mubben M, Hussain A, Ahmed A, Asif A, Kauser S, Najam A, Sidrah and Firdous N. 2024. Role of smart agriculture techniques in food security: A systematic review. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 210: e12758.
Goedde L, Katz J, Menard A and Revellat J. 2020. Agriculture’s technology future: How connectivity can yield new growth. Mckinsey & Company, New York, USA. https://www.mckinsey. com/industries/agriculture/our-insights/agricultures-connected-future-how-technology-can-yield-new-growth
Lin X, Liu H, Li Z, Xiong G and Gou G. 2022. Privacy protection of China’s top websites: A multi-layer privacy measurement via network behaviours and privacy policies. Computers and Security 114: 102606.
Mekouar M A. 2018. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Yearbook of International Environmental Law 29: 448–68.
Ranjan M. 2025. Cybercrimes hit rural, semi-urban India hard with over 400 per cent rise. The New Indian Express, August 7. https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Aug/07/ cybercrimes-hit-rural-semi-urban-india-hard-with-over-400- per-cent-rise
Rudrakar S and Rughani P. 2023. IoT based agriculture (Ag- IoT): A detailed study on architecture, security and forensics. Information Processing in Agriculture 11(4): 524–41.
Rudrakar S, Rughani P and Rami J. 2023. UART Port bane or boon: Vulnerabilities vs Significance for digital investigation in Ag-IoT. (In) 2023 16th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks (SIN), Jaipur, Rajasthan, November 21–23, pp. 1–6.
Rudrakar S, Rughani P H and Sadineni L. 2024. Incident response in smart agriculture: An MQTT case study. (In) 2024 15th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), Kamand, India, June 24–28, pp. 1–7.
Trendov N M, Varas S and Zeng M. 2019. Digital Technologies in Agriculture and Rural Areas - Status Report. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. https:// www.fao.org/3/ca4985en/ca4985en.pdf
Virk A L, Noor M A, Fiaz S, Hussain S, Hussain H A, Rehman M, Ahsan M and Ma W. 2020. Smart farming: An overview. (In) Smart Village Technology. Modeling and Optimization in Science and Technologies, Vol. 17, pp. 191–201. Patnaik S, Sen S and Mahmoud M (Eds). Springer, Cham.
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the articles published in The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences is vested with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, which reserves the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad, for reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information. The Council has no objection to using the material, provided the information is not being utilized for commercial purposes and wherever the information is being used, proper credit is given to ICAR.