Enhancing farm productivity, profitability, sustainability and livelihood of small farm holders through integrated farming system

SANJEEV  KUMAR; ABHISHEK  KUMAR; SHIVANI; SANTOSH  KUMAR; RAKESH  KUMAR; RACHNA  DUBEY; KUMARI  SHUBHA; KIRTI  SAURABH; MANIBHUSHAN; ANUP  DAS

doi:10.56093/ijas.v95i3.162923

Authors

SANJEEV KUMAR ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar 800 014, India
ABHISHEK KUMAR ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar 800 014, India
SHIVANI ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar 800 014, India
SANTOSH KUMAR ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar 800 014, India
RAKESH KUMAR ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar 800 014, India
RACHNA DUBEY ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar 800 014, India
KUMARI SHUBHA ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar 800 014, India
KIRTI SAURABH ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar 800 014, India
MANIBHUSHAN ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar 800 014, India
ANUP DAS ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar 800 014, India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v95i3.162923

Keywords:

Employment generation, Integrated farming system, Nutrient recycling, Profitability, Sustainability

Abstract

The present study was carried out from 2018 to 2024 at ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar to evaluate eight farming system models [Field crops (FC) alone; FC + Fish + Duck; FC + Fish + Poultry; FC + Fish + Cattle; FC + Fish + Horticulture; FC + Fish + Horticulture + Duck; FC + Fish + Horticulture + Poultry; and FC + Fish + Horticulture + Cattle] with an objective to enhance productivity, improve profitability, optimize resource use through recycling, generate employment, and reduce production costs. The findings revealed that diversified integrated farming systems significantly outperformed over conventional rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) systems in terms of economic returns and nutrient recycling efficiency. Integrating field crops with fish, horticulture, and cattle increased system productivity by 186% compared to traditional rice-wheat system. Among the models studied, the field crops + fish + horticulture + poultry integration fetched the highest net returns and B:C ratio (₹3,04,900/ha; 2.36) and was followed by FC + Fish + Horticulture + Cattle (₹2,81,600; 1.99) but on the basis of B:C ratio FC + Fish + Horticulture (₹2,45,000; 2.31) and FC + Fish + Poultry (₹2,13,300; 2.26), respectively supersedes FC + Fish + Horticulture + Cattle combinations due to more production cost involved in raising of cattle. Contribution from pond dyke cultivation (vegetables + fruits) was found remarkable which added 3.9 tonnes rice equivalent yield (REY) with a net return of ₹52,950 from an area of 0.1 ha and made the system more profitable. An ample quantity of man-days (230–455) has been also generated in comparison with rice-wheat (128) system. Apart from these economic benefits the integrations of different components with crop also added 97.5 kg N; 114.5 kg P₂O₅ and 75.5 kg K₂O.

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