Micrometeorology of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under different paddyresidue management and sowing environments

ANKIT  YADAV; RAJ KUMAR  PAL; SOM PAL  SINGH; SANDEEP SINGH  SANDHU

doi:10.56093/ijas.v96i7.166649

Authors

ANKIT YADAV Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
RAJ KUMAR PAL Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
SOM PAL SINGH Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
SANDEEP SINGH SANDHU Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v96i7.166649

Keywords:

Canopy temperature, Crop micrometeorology, Dates of sowing, Photosynthetically active radiation

Abstract

Selection of optimal sowing dates with favourable environmental conditions is a key strategy for adaptation under climate change. To assess this, a field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2022–23 and 2023–24 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab to investigate the effects of sowing environments and paddy residue management (PRM) practices on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) canopy microclimate and productivity. Wheat variety ‘PBW-725’ was sown on three dates, viz. 22^nd November (D1), 28^th November (D2), and 6^th December (D3) under three residue management treatments: mulching (M1), incorporation (M2), and residue removal (M3). Canopy temperature (CT), canopy relative humidity (CRH), and intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were recorded at crown root initiation, jointing, anthesis, and physiological maturity stages. Timely sowing (D1) and residue mulching (M1) created a more favourable canopy microclimate by moderating CT, maintaining higher CRH, and enhancing PAR interception. Intercepted PAR increased from early growth stages to anthesis, with D1 recording the highest values, while delayed sowing (D3) consistently reduced radiation interception. Mulching improved canopy humidity and PAR interception compared with residue removal. Grain yield declined significantly with delayed sowing, decreasing from 49.7 q/ha in D1 to 42.8 q/ha in D3. Among residue management practices, mulching produced the highest grain yield (48.7 q/ha) followed by incorporation (46.6 q/ha) and residue removal (43.9 q/ha). Correlation analysis revealed that higher PAR and lower CT during anthesis and physiological maturity were strongly associated with improved yield and yield-attributing characters. The results indicated that timely sowing combined with paddy residue mulching enhances wheat productivity by improving canopy microclimatic conditions under the semi-arid conditions of Punjab.

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