Phylogenetic relationship among potential citrus rootstock species based on seed characteristics and germination metrics

HEIPLANMI  RYMBAI; HAMMYLLIENDE TALANG; ANJANI KUMAR JHA; VEERENDRA KUMAR VERMA; JOIEDEVIVRESON  MAWLEIN; MAYANGLAMBAM BILASHINI  DEVI

doi:10.56093/ijas.v95i9.167699

Authors

HEIPLANMI RYMBAI ICAR-Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya 793 103, India
HAMMYLLIENDE TALANG ICAR-Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya 793 103, India
ANJANI KUMAR JHA ICAR - Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture, New Delhi, India
VEERENDRA KUMAR VERMA ICAR-Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya 793 103, India
JOIEDEVIVRESON MAWLEIN ICAR-Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya 793 103, India
MAYANGLAMBAM BILASHINI DEVI ICAR-Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya 793 103, India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v95i9.167699

Keywords:

Citrus rootstocks, Citrus species, Propagation, Phylogenetic relationship, Seed germination

Abstract

Wild citrus species could be utilised as potential rootstocks in the citriculture industry. Seed germination, seedling characteristics, and their metrics are important traits of rootstocks and their evolutionary relationships. However, the limited information available affects the propagation and field performance of citrus. The experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 2022 to 2024 at ICAR-Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya to understand the germination, growth behaviours and phylogenetic relationship of citrus rootstock species. Fifteen potential citrus rootstocks selected for the study were Citrus maxima, C. jambhiri, C. karna, C. latipes, C. limonia, C. aurantifolia, C. limon, C. macroptera, C. medica, C. paradisi, C. reshni, C. trifoliata, C. taiwanica, C. volkameriana, and C. indica. Results showed that the maximum germination traits, seedling growth and their metrics were obtained in C. jambhiri, C. latipes, C. limonia, C. maxima, and C. volkameriana. The highest chlorophyll index was recorded in C. limon (80.8 ± 3.7) and C. medica. Germination was strongly correlated with the germination speed index (r = 0.746**), mean daily germination (r = 0.845**), peak (r = 0.512**), and germination value (r = 0.596**). Principal component analysis revealed the presence of a wider variability for germination and seedling traits, with the first five components (eigen value>1) contributing 78.69% of the total variation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that cluster I was monogenotypic (C. trifoliata) and cluster II comprised commonly used rootstocks, indicating a close relationship between them. Therefore, C. jambhiri, C. limonia, C. maxima, and C. latipes exhibited higher performance in germination behaviours, growth, and vigour of seedlings. Germination percentage and germination metrics could be important selection criteria for the improvement and utilisation of these species in propagation.

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