Diversity of culturable gut bacteria associated with the field populations of cotton leafhopper (Amrasca biguttula biguttula) in India

G SIVAKUMAR; R RANGESHWARAN; M S YANDIGERI; M MOHAN; T VENKATESAN; ABRAHAM VERGHESE

doi:10.56093/ijas.v86i2.55960

Authors

G SIVAKUMAR ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 024
R RANGESHWARAN ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 024
M S YANDIGERI ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 024
M MOHAN ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 024
T VENKATESAN ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 024
ABRAHAM VERGHESE ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 024

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v86i2.55960

Keywords:

16S rDNA sequences, Amrasca biguttula biguttula microflora, Diversity, Phylogenetic analysis

Abstract

Field populations of cotton leafhopper [Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida)] exposed to heavy applications of imidacloprid, acephate, acetamiprid and dimethoate were collected from the seven cotton (Gossypium spp ) growing areas of the country. Thirty culturable bacteria were isolated from the guts of 16 populations of leafhoppers and were characterized through morphological and molecular methods. A good diversity of microflora was recorded across the location and is unique with respect to the locations. None of them are repeated except the genera Bacillus and Enterobacter. There was more number of gut microflora associated with the leafhoppers collected from Dharwad where the insecticide usage pattern and the number of sprays were very high as compared to other locations. Various Bacillus spp. were reported in the Dharwad population. The association of Enterococcus asburiae, Enterobacter silesiacus from the guts of leafhoppers of Guntur which was exposed to nine rounds of sprays of acephate, imidacloprid and dimethoate as compared to Bangalore which was not exposed to insecticides at all. Enterococcus hormaechei was isolated from the insects of Bangalore. The predominant bacterial genera identified in A.biguttula biguttula were Serratia, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Methylobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas and Paenibacillus.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Anonymous. 2015. Report of Cotton Corporation of India Ltd, Mumbai, web page.

Archana V, Italo Delalibera J R, Jo H, Kier D K, Patrick D S and Kenneth F R. 2006. Characterization of gut-associated bacteria in larvae and adults of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. Environmental Entomology 35: 1 710–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/35.6.1710

Banerjee S K, Turkar K S and Wanjari R R. 2000. Evaluation of newer insecticides for the control of bollworms in cotton. Pestology 24: 14–6.

Boush G M and Matsumura F.1967. Insecticidal degradation by Pseudomonas melophthora, the bacterial symbionts of the apple maggot. Journal Economic Entomology 60: 918–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/60.4.918

Broderick N A, Raffa K F, Goodman R M and Handelsman J.2004. Census of the bacterial community of the gypsy moth larval midgut by using culturing and culture independent methods. Applied Environmental Microbiology 70: 293–300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.1.293-300.2004

Dowd P F. 1991. Insect fungal symbionts: a promising source of detoxifying enzymes, Journal of Industrial Microbiology 9: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01569619

–61.

Feldhaar H and Gross R. 2009. Insects as hosts for mutualistic bacteria. International Journal of Medical Microbiology 299: 1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2008.05.010

Felsenstein J.1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x

Feng W, Wang X Q, Zhou W, Liu G Y and Wan Y J. 2011. Isolation and characterization of lipase producing bacteria in the intestine of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, reared on different forage. Journal of Insect Science 11:135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1673/031.011.13501

Genta, F A, Dillon R J, Terra W R and Ferreira C. 2006. Potential role for gut microbiota in cell wall digestion and glucoside detoxification in Tenebrio molitor larvae. Journal of Insect Physiology 52: 593–601. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2006.02.007

Gibson C M and Hunter M S. 2010. Extraordinary widespread and fantastically complex: Comparative biology of endosymbiotic bacterial and fungal mutualists of insects. Ecological Letter 13: 223–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01416.x

Harley J P and Prescott L M. 2002. Laboratory Exercises in Microbiology, Fifth edn. The McGraw Hill Companies.

Hemalatha B N, Reetha B, Venkatesan T, Jalali S K and Sriram S. 2012. Degradation of insecticide by Enterobacter sp. and Paenibacillus sp. isolated from midgut of Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi Larvae. (In) International Conference on Plant Health Management for Food Security, Hyderabad, India, p. 104

Indiragandhi P, Anandham R, Madhaiyan M, Poonguzhali S, Kim G H, Saravanan V S and Sa T M. 2007. Cultivable bacteria associated with larval gut prothiofos-resistant, prothiofos- susceptible and field-caught populations of diamondback moth,

Plutella xylostella and their potential for, antagonism towards entomopathogenic fungi and host insect nutrition. Journal of Applied Microbiology 103: 2664–75.

Indiragandhi P, Anandham R and Sa T M. 2011. Functional significance of insect gut bacteria and their role in the host insect processes, development and crop production. Bacteria in Agrobiology: Plant growth responses, pp 309-35 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20332-9_14

Maheshwari DK (Ed.) Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. Kikuchi Y, Hayatsu M, Nagayama A, Tago K and Fukatsu T. 2012. Symbiont mediated insecticide resistance. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, USA 109: 8 618–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1200231109

Kimura M. 1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16:111– 20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01731581

Kranthi K R. 2007. Insecticide resistance management in cotton to enhance productivity. Model training course on “ cultivation of long staple cotton (ELS), 15-22, December, Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional station, Coimbatore, pp 214– 31.

Kshirsagar S D, Satpute N S and Moharil M P. 2012. Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Cotton leafhoppers, Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla (Ishida). Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 20: 283–6.

Madhusudan S, Jalali S K, Venkatesan T, Lalitha Y and Srinivas R P. 2011. 16S rRNA gene based identification of gut bacteria from laboratory and wild larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae ) from tomato farm. Bioscan 6:175– 83.

Mohan M and Gujar G T. 2003. Local variation in susceptibility of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) to insecticides and role of detoxification enzymes. Crop Protection 22:495–504. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00201-6

Moore G E. 1972. Microflora from the alimentary tract of healthy southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis (Scolytidae), and their possible relationship to pathogenicity, Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 19: 72–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2011(72)90191-7

Nakabachi A and Ishikawa .1999. Provision of riboflavin to the host aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, by endosymbiontic bacteria Buchnera, Journal of Insect Physiology 45:1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1910(98)00104-8

Praveen P M. 2003. ‘Studies on insecticide resistance in early season sucking pests of Cotton in Tamil Nadu.’ Ph D thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India, p 116. Peshin R, Bandral R S, Dhawan A K, Zhang W, Wilson L and Dhawan A K. 2009. Integrated pest management: History,

overview and principles of ecologically based pest management. Integrated Pest Management: Innovation- development Process pp–26. Peshin P and Dhawan A K (Ed.). Springer Sciences and Business.

Rajagopal R. 2009. Beneficial interactions between insects and gut bacteria. Indian Journal of Microbiology 49: 114–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-009-0023-z

Ram Singh and Jaglan R S. 2005. Development and management of insecticide resistance in cotton whitefly and leafhopper- review. Agricultural Review 26 (3): 229–34.

Robyn J R, Colin S, Colin J J, Rinku P, Gunjan P, Matthew C T, Christopher W C, Jian- Wei L and John G O. 2011. The evolution of new enzyme function: lessons from xenobiotic metabolizing bacteria versus insecticidal insects. CSIRO 4: 225-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00175.x

Sarfraz M, Dosdall L M and Keddie B A. 2006. Diamondback moth-host plant interactions: implications for pest management. Crop Protection 25: 625–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2005.09.011

Snehaa C P, Hemalatha B N, Reetha B, Venkatesan T and Jalali S K. 2013. Molecular characterization of microbes associated with cotton mealy bug, Phenacoccus solenopsi Tinsley. (In) New Horizons in Insect Science, International Conference on Insect Science (ICIC 2013), 14-17 February, Bangalore, India.

Srinivasa Murthy K, Rajeshwari R, Venkatesan T and Nesil L B. 2011. Detection and characterization of Wolbachia in Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of the diamond back moth Plutella xylostel (Linn.). Journal of Biological Control 25: 213–6.

Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M and Kumar S. 2011. MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution: 28(10): 2 731–9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121

Thompson J D, Higgins D G and Gibson T J. 1994. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Germa Nucleic Acids Research 4 673–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.22.4673

Vuilleumier S. 1997. Bacteria glutathione S-transferase: what are they good for? Journal of Bacteriology 179: 1 431–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.179.5.1431-1441.1997

Werren J H. 2012. Symbionts provide pesticide detoxification. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, USA, 109 (22): 8 364–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1206194109

Xiang H, Wei G H, Jia S, Huang J, Miao X X, Zhou Z, Zhao L P and Huang, Y P. 2006. Microbial communities in the larval midgut of laboratory and field populations of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera). Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52: 1 085–92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/w06-064