Genetic diversity among turf grasses by ISSR markers

Abstract

In this study, leaves sample of eight turf grass genera were used to standardized the ISSR protocol and quantities of template DNA, dNTPs, MgCl2, Taq DNA polymerase, primer concentration and annealing temperature for each primer. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), Genetic diversity, Nei's gene diversity, Shannon's index, and Nei's unbiased genetic distance, partition, within- and among-group, of all parameters was analyzed. Levels of genetic divergence between samples were calculated with the fixation index PhiPT. Statistics with AMOVA revealed 84 and 16 % variance among and within various mutants, respectively. Cluster analysis based on the Unweighted-pair group method arithmetic average (UPGMA), Principal coordinate analysis (PCA) and Spatial correlation is a measured that looks at the relationship (genetic distance) amongst mutants. PCOA analysis of ISSR data showed that the first three factors comprised about 94.5% of total variance when the first, second and third axis comprised about 49.85, 29.29 and 15.36% of total variance, respectively. Statistically non-significant genetic similarity exists among population which varies from -1.0000 to 0.2419. Maximum similarity was recorded between the two samples of Lolium perenne and Agrostis stolonifera (0.0682) followed by Stenotaphrum secundatum, Poa pratensis (0.0419). Cluster analysis was conducted to generate a dendogram elucidating for relationships among turf grass. The first cluster divided into three sub-clusters comprising: (i) Poa pratensis and Agrostis stolonifera (ii) DFR-NS-1 and Lolium perenne and (iii) the DFR-NS-1 Festuca arundinacea.The second cluster consisted of Stenotaphrum secundatum, Zyosia junsia and Paspalum vaginatum. Within the second cluster Paspalum vaginatum was separated from the zoysiagrass. As revealed by ISSR analysis, Stenotaphrum secundatum, and Paspalm were quite distinct from bermudagrass (DFR-NS-1) and rest of the turf grasses.