Induction of changes by nitrification inhibitor and nitrogen source on vegetative growth, physiological processes and biochemical constituents of Kinnow mandarin
232 / 97
Authors
-
M K DHAKAR
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012
-
A K SINGH
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012
-
S K SINGH
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012
-
V B PATEL
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012
-
MADAN PAL
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012
Keywords:
Kinnow, Nitrogen, Nitrification inhibitor, Nitrogen sourcesAbstract
A field experiment was conducted on two-year-old Kinnow mandarin plant to find out effect of different nitrogen sources and nitrification inhibitors on vegetative growth, physiological processes and biochemical constituents of Kinnow mandarin. There were thirteen treatments comprising four nitrogen sources, viz. ammonium sulphate (AS), calcium nitrate (CN), mixture of ammonium sulphate + calcium nitrate and urea, two nitrification inhibitor, viz. Dicyandiamide (DCD) 5% of fertilizers, meliacins (M) 0.1% of fertilizers and control. The increase in tree height was recorded significantly higher in plants treated with AS + DCD (44.05%); whereas, tree spread E-W (77.33%), tree spread N-S (66.03%), specific leaf area (123.86 cm2/g) and shoot growth rate (247.39%) was found maximum in AS + M. In the plants applied with AS + DCD registered significantly maximum values of chlorophyll (a, b and total) content, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. However, transpiration rate was found maximum under treatment AS + M when applied during winter and summer in split doses. Ammonium sulphate treated with DCD
produced statistically highest total soluble sugar (9.22, 9.78 and 9.40% leaf fresh wt) and soluble proteins (74.80, 76.49 and 71.96 mg/g leaf dry wt) during winter, autumn and summer, respectively followed by ammonium sulphate treated with meliacins. The ammonium sulphate and urea as source of N along with nitrification inhibitor have a strong impact on growth and physio-biochemical parameters on Kinnow plants; thus, improved the performance of Kinnow plants under above natural pH soil conditions.
Downloads
References
Bonasia A, Conversa G, Gonnella M, Serio F and Santamaria P. 2008. Effects of ammonium and nitrate nutrition on yield and quality in endive. Journal of Horticulture Science and Biotechnology 83: 64–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2008.11512348
Bondada B R and Syvertsen J P. 2003. Leaf chlorophyll, net gas exchange and chloroplast ultrastructure in citrus leaves of different nitrogen status. Tree Physiology 23: 553–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/23.8.553
Colugnati G, Bregant F, Spiesanzotti M and Tesi D. 1997. Comparison between different times of application of slow release nitrogen fertilizers on grapevines. Preliminary results. Acta Horticulturae 448: 395–402. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1997.448.74
Dhakar M K, Singh A K, Patel V B, Singh S K, Datta S P, Kumar R and Khanna M. 2015. Effect of different nitrogen sources and nitrification inhibitors on soil nitrogen distribution in Kinnow orchard. Indian Journal of Horticulture 72(2):178–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-0112.2015.00035.3
El Kohen A and Mousseau M. 1994. Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and mineral-nutrition on growth and CO2 exchange of sweet chestnut seedlings (Castanea sativa). Tree Physiology 14: 679–90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/14.7-8-9.679
Frith G J T. 1972. Effect of ammonium nutrition on the activity of nitrate reductase in roots of apple seedlings. Plant and Cell Physiology 13: 1 085–90.
Garcia J L, Linan J, Sarmiento R and Troncoso A. 1999. Effect of different N forms and concentrations on olive seedlings growth. Acta Horticulturae 474: 323–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1999.474.66
Helali S M, Nebli H, Kaddour R, Mahmoundi H, Lachaal M and Ouerghi Z. 2010. Influence of nitrate-ammonium on growth and nutrition of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant and Soil 336: 65–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0445-8
Hiscox J D and Israelstam G F. 1979. A method for the extraction of chlorophyll from leaf tissue without maceration. Canadian Journal of Botany 57: 1 332–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/b79-163
Hodge J E and Hofreiter B T. 1962. (In) Carbohydrate Chemistry, 17. Whistler R L and Be Miller J N (Eds) Academic Press, New York.
Horchani F, Hajri R and Aschi-Smiti S. 2010. Effect of ammonium or nitrate nutrition on photosynthesis, growth, and nitrogen assimilation in tomato plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 173: 610–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201000055
Huett D O. 1996. Prospects for manipulating the vegetative-reproductive balance in horticultural crops through nitrogen nutrition: a review. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47: 47–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9960047
Ibrahim L, Proe M F and Cameron A D. 1998. Interactive effects of nitrogen and water availabilities on gas exchange and whole-plant carbon allocation in poplar. Tree Physiology 18: 481–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/18.7.481
Khokhar Y, Rattanpal H S, Dhillon W S, Singh G and Gill P S. 2012. Soil fertility and nutritional status of Kinnow orchards grown in aridisol of Punjab, India. African Journal of Agricultural Resarch 7(33): 4 692–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR12.1109
Klepper L, Flesher D and Hageman R H. 1971. Generation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide for nitrate reduction in green leaves. Plant Physiology 48(5): 580–90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.48.5.580
Kubiske M E, Pregitzer K S, Zak D R and Mikan C J. 1998. Growth and C allocation of Populus tremuloides genotypes in response to atmospheric CO2 and soil N availability. New Phytologist 140: 251–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00264.x
Kumar R, Devakumar C, Sharma V, Kakkar G, Kumar D and Panneerselvam P. 2007. Influence of physicochemical parameters of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) oils on nitrification inhibition in soil. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 55:1 389–93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0632177
Lowry O H, Rosevrough N J, Farr A L and Randall R J. 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry 193: 265–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6
Marschner H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants, 2nd ed. Academic Press, London.
Prasad R, Rajale G B and Lakhdive B A. 1971. Nitrification retarders. Advances in Agronomy 23: 337–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60156-X
Serna M D, Borras R, Legaz F and Primo-Millo E. 1992. The influence of nitrogen concentration and ammonium/nitrate ratio on N-uptake, mineral composition and yield of citrus. Plant and Soil 147: 13–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00009366
Therios I N and Sakellariadis S D. 1988. Effects of nitrogen form on growth and mineral composition of olive plants (Olea europaea L.). Scientia Horticulturae 35: 167–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(88)90110-0
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2017 The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the articles published in The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences is vested with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, which reserves the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad, for reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information. The Council has no objection to using the material, provided the information is not being utilized for commercial purposes and wherever the information is being used, proper credit is given to ICAR.
How to Cite
