Morphological and physiological characterization of guava (Psidium guajava) under hot-arid zone of Rajasthan

SANJAY KUMAR SINGH; S K MALHOTRA; R BHARGAVA; R S SINGH; ANIL KUMAR SHUKLA

doi:10.56093/ijas.v87i4.69406

Authors

SANJAY KUMAR SINGH ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334 006
S K MALHOTRA Agriculture Commissioner, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi 110 001
R BHARGAVA ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334 006
R S SINGH ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334 006
ANIL KUMAR SHUKLA ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334 006

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v87i4.69406

Keywords:

Arid environment, Chlorophyll, Growth, Guava, Leaf water, Photosynthesis

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate morpho-physiological and productivity characteristics of four genotypes of five years old guava (Psidium guajava L.) trees, grown under hot-arid zone of Rajasthan. Preliminary investigation indicated that all four cultivars of guava could survive except merely 10.0% field mortality in guava cv. L-49. The maximum increase in plant height (25.93%) and number of new leaves/branch (4.66) over six months of planting were recorded in Sweta, followed by Lalit, while during fruiting (August for rainy season guava) highest number of new shoot sprouts/branch was found in Allahabad Safeda, followed by Sweta. Lalit and Sweta also produced substantial number of new leaves/branch during fruiting, than the other cultivars. Chlorophyll a (Chl_a), chlorophyll b (Chl_b) and total chlorophyll (Chl_total) contents were highest in L-49, followed by Lalit. The leaves produced on Sweta received lesser photosynthetically active radiations (PAR) but had highest leaf area (80.91 cm²), specific leaf area (SLA; 36.61 cm²/g) and relative water content (RWC; 60.19%). Although L-49 had thicker leaves (lowest SLA; 33. 29 cm²/g), indicating better adaptation towards resource poor environment but other cultivars of guava also had SLA at par among other three cultivars. Allahabad Safeda received maximum PAR (1066 Î¼E/m²/s), also had highest internal CO² concentration (Ci; 207.76 Î¼mol/mol), while highest net photosynthesis rate (PN; 10.84 Î¼mol CO²/m²/s), carboxylation efficiency (CE) and water use efficiency (WUE) were observed in Lalit. Guava cv. L-49, however, showed lowest PN (6.31 Î¼mol C02/m2/s), Ci, WUE, transpiration rate (E) and CE. Thus, guava cultivars Sweta followed by Lalit performed better under hot-arid environment with better growth and physiological adaptation. L-49 was not found suitable for the area.

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