Root priming with Bacillus spp. against bacterial wilt disease of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum
285 / 111
Authors
-
G SIVAKUMAR
-
R RANGESHWARAN
-
MAHESH S YANDIGERI
-
RAJKUMAR RAJKUMAR
-
SURABHI KUMARI
Keywords:
Bacillus spp., Bacterial wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum, Root dipping, TomatoAbstract
Bacillus spp. have long been used as biological control organisms against plant bacterial diseases but the mechanisms by which the bacteria confer protection against the pathogens are not properly understood. Among nine strains of Bacillus spp. three of them, viz. NBAII 63 (B. megaterium), NBAII 71 (B. cereus) and NBAII 65 (B. megaterium) were found highly inhibitory against R. solanacearum. These strains of Bacillus spp. produced indole acetic acid (IAA) and siderophore and solubilized the phosphorous. High amount of IAA (174.2 μg/ml) and siderophore (1.32μg/ml) production followed by the highest phosphorous solubilization (53.3 μg/ml) by the strain NBAII 63 were found. These three potential Bacillus strains showed the increased activity of defense related enzymes, viz. peroxidase (PO), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and total phenols in pre treated tomato plants challenged with R. solanacearum. Significant activities of PO, PPO, PAL were observed at 8 days after the treatment of antagonist and declined gradually afterwards. The maximum phenol content (185 μg/g of plant tissue) was observed in the tomato plants whose roots were treated with Bacillus strain 63 at 8 days after inoculation treatment. These Bacillus strains could be used as potential biocontrol agent for the management of bacterial wilt disease of tomato.Downloads
References
Akgul D S and Mirik M. 2008. Biocontrol of Phytophthora capsici on pepper plants by Bacillus megaterium strains. Journal of Plant Pathology 90: 29–34.
Almoneafy A A, Xie G L, Tian W X, Xu L H, Zhang G Q and Ibrahim M. 2012. Characterization and evaluation of Bacillus isolates for their potential plant growth and biocontrol activities against tomato bacterial wilt. African journal of Biotechnology 11(28): 7193–201.
Anand T, Chandrasekaran A, Kuttalam S, Senthilraja G and Samiyappan R. 2010. Integrated control of fruit rot and powdery mildew of chilli using the biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescence and a chemical fungicide. Biological Control 52: 1–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.09.010
Burgess L W, Knight T E, Tesoriero L and Phan H T. 2008. Diagnostic Manual for Plant Diseases in Vietnam. ACIAR.
Choudhary D K, Prakash A and Johri B N. 2007. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants mechanism of action. Indian Journal of Microbiology 47: 289–97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-007-0054-2
Choudhary D K, Johri B N. 2009. Interactions of Bacillus sp. and plants with special reference to induced systemic resistance (ISR). Microbiological Research 164: 493–513. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2008.08.007
Dihazi A, Jaiti F, Taktak W, kilani-Feki O, Jaoua S, Driouich A, Baaziz M, Daayf F and Serghini M A. 2012. Use of two bacteria for biological control of bayoud disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) seedlings. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 55: 7–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.03.003
Dickerson D P, Pascholati S F, Hagerman A E, Butler L G and Nicholson R L. 1984. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and hydroxy cinnamate CoA ligase in maize mesocotyls inoculated with Helminthosporium maydis or Helminthosporium carbonum. Physiological Plant Pathology 25: 111–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-4059(84)90050-X
Grimault V, Schmit J and Prior. 1993. Some characteristics involved in bacteria resistance in tomato, (In) Bacterial wilt. Hartman G L and Hayward A C (eds.). ACIAR proceedings No. 45, Australian centre for International Agriculture Research, Camera, pp 112–9.
Graves L M and Swaminathan B. 1993. Universal bacterial DNA isolation procedure, (In) Diagnostic Molecular Microbiology: Principles and Applications., p 617. Persing D H, Smith T F, Tenover F C, and White T J (Eds.). American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D C.
Higgins D G, Bleashy A T and Fuchs R. 1992. Clustal V: Improved software for multiple sequence alignment. Computer Application in Biosciences 8: 189–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/8.2.189
Jayaraj J, Yi H, Liang G H, Muthukrishnan S and Velazhahan R. 2004. Foliar application of Bacillus subtilis AUBS1 reduces sheath blight and triggers defense mechanisms in rice. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 111: 115–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356138
Kelman A. 1954. The relationship of pathogenicity in Pseudomonas solanacearum colony appearance on a tetrazolium medium. Phytopathology 44: 693–6.
Kloepper J W, Ryu C M and Zhang, S. 2004. Induced systemic resistance and promotion of plant growth by Bacillus spp. Phytopathology 94: 1259–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.11.1259
Li B, Xu L H, Lou M M, Li F, Zhang Y D and Xie G L. 2008. Isolation and characterization of antagonistic bacteria against bacterial leaf spot of Euphorbia pulcherrima. Letters in Applied Microbiology 46(4): 450–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02337.x
Lattanzio V, Veronica M T L and Cardinali A. 2006. Role of phenolics in the resistance mechanisms of plants against fungal pathogens and insects. Phytochemistry: Advances in Research, 2006, pp 23–67.
Mayer A M, Harel E and Shaul R B. 1965. Assay of catechol oxidase, a critical comparison of methods. Phytochemistry 5: 783–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83660-2
Malik C P and Singh M B. 1980. Plant Enzymology and Histo- Enzymology: A Text Manual. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, pp 286.
Mehta S and Nautiyal C S. 2001. An efficient method for qualitative screening of phosphate solubilising bacteria. Current Microbiology 3: 51–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s002840010259
Nagorska K, Bikowski M and Obuchowskji M. 2007. Multicellular behaviour and production of a wide variety of toxic substances support usage of Bacillus subtilis as a powerful biocontrol agent. Acta biochimica Polonica 54: 495–508. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18388/abp.2007_3224
Nakkeeran S, Kavitha K, Chandrasekar G, Renukadevi P and Fernando W G D. 2006. Induction of plant defense compounds by Pseudomonas chlororaphis PA23 and Bacillus subtilis BSCBE4 in controlling damping-off of hot pepper caused by Pythium aphanidermatum. Biocontrol Science and Technology 16: 403–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09583150500532196
Norris J R, Berkeley R C W, Logan N A and O’Donnell A G. 1981. The genera Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus. (In) The Prokaryotes, Vol 2, pp 171–42. Star M. P., Stolp A, Truper A G Balows A and Schlegel H G (Eds). Berlin: Springer.
Nicholson R L and Hammerschmidt R. 1992. Phenolic compounds and their role in disease resistance. Annual Review of Phytopathology 30: 369–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.30.090192.002101
Ramanujam B, Basha H, Vinaya H, Chowdappa P and Rangeshwaran R. 2012. Induction of defense related enzymes and phenols in chilli plants by Bacillus subtilis against anthracnose pathogen, Colletotrichum capsici. In Phytopathology 65(4): 382–5.
Schaad N W, Jones J B and Chun W. 2001. Laboratory Guide for the Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, 3rd edn, pp 373. American Phytopathological Society, St Paul.
Sneath P H A. 1986. Endospore- forming Gram-positive rods and cocci, PP. 1104-1109. (In) Bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology, Vol 2, 9th ed, pp 1104-9. Sneath P H A, Nair N S, Sharpe M E and Holt J G (Eds). M D Willaims and Wilkins, Baltimore.
Schwyn B and Neilands J B. 1987. Universal chemical assay for the detection and determination of siderophores. Annual Review of Biochemistry 160: 47–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(87)90612-9
Singh D, Yadav D K, Sinha Shweta, Mondal K K, Singh Gita, Pandey R R and Singh Rajender. 2013. Genetic diversity of iturin producing strains of Bacillus species antagonistic to Ralstonia solanacerarum causing bacterial wilt disease in tomato. African Journal of Microbiology Research 7: 5459–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR12.2125
Sivakumar G, Rangeshwaran R and Sriram S. 2011. Screening and identification of potential spp. for the management of bacterial wilt of brinjal (egg plant). Journal of Biological Control 26: 229–35.
Thilagavathi R, Saravanakumar D, Ragupathi N and Samiyappan R. 2007.Combination of biocontrol agents improves the management of dry root rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) in greengram. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 46: 157–67.
Vikram A, Hamzehzarghani H, Alagawadi A R, Krishnaraj P U and Chandrashekar B S. 2007. Production of plant growth promoting substances by phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from vertisols. Journal of Plant Sciences 2: 326–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/jps.2007.326.333
Wattiau P, Renard G W, Ledent P, Debois V, Blackman G and Agathos S N 2001. A PCR test to identify Bacillus subtilis and closely related species and its application to the monitoring of waste water biotreatment. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 56: 816–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530100691
Winstead N N and Kelman A. 1952. Inoculation techniques for evaluating resistance to Pseudomonas solanacearum. Phytopathology 42: 628–34.
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
The copyright of the articles published in The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences is vested with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, which reserves the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad, for reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information. The Council has no objection to using the material, provided the information is not being utilized for commercial purposes and wherever the information is being used, proper credit is given to ICAR.
How to Cite
