Stem pruning severities affect growth, physiological and quality consequences in high density planting system of mango (Mangifera indica) in Shiwalik foothills

PRAMOD KUMAR; A K JOSHI; V K CHAUHAN

doi:10.56093/ijas.v88i2.79222

Authors

PRAMOD KUMAR Scientist (Fruit Science), Department of Fruit Science, YSP University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 230
A K JOSHI Associate Director (R&E), RHRTS, Dhaulakuan, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh
V K CHAUHAN Principal Scientist, Directorate of Extension Education, YSP University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 230

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i2.79222

Keywords:

Frost injury, Head back, Rejuvenation, Tip pruning

Abstract

The study evaluated the influence of shoot pruning intensities on physiological and quality consequences of mango under square system of planting between 2014 and 2016 in Shiwalik foothills. Three mango cultivars, viz. Mallika, Dashehari, and Amrapali, planted under high density were selected purposely. Tip pruning of frost injured shoots significantly influenced growth, flowering, yield and quality traits of the cultivars compared to un-pruned trees. The results revealed early flower initiation with peak period of flowering among the treatments. Shoot pruning slightly delayed but more uniform flowering comparative to control. After 20th harvest season, the cultivar significantly affected generative parameters (TCSA, TCV, CA and yield efficiency). Number of sprouted shoots per scaffold branch (primary, secondary) was highest in Dashehari followed by Amrapali and Mallika irrespective of shoot differentiation. Dashehari recorded maximum length of panicles, length of flowering shoot, number of panicles/shoot, fruited panicles, fruit set, and fruit retention with least fruit drop when the shoots were pruned in frost affected twigs (terminal branches) shoot differentiation. The best yield and yield efficiency over the 20th leaf harvest was recorded in Mallika followed by Amrapali and Dashehari. Variable shoot pruning intensities showed significant effects on fruit physical-biochemical traits and foliar nutrient concentration of the cultivars. DOP indexing showed close agreement to diagnose N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn excess among different cultivars studied. PCA of agromorphometric and fruit quality traits was also worked out. prin4 accounted for 99.5% (agro-morphometric traits) and 97.9% (fruit quality) of the cumulative variance of cultivars. PCA-F1 had the highest positive loadings (plant height, tree girth, annual shoot extension growth TCSA, and TCV) followed by PCA-F2 (yield). None of the significant differences were obtained when the calculated factor scores of PCA-F1, PCA-F2 and PCA-F3 for attributes analyzed. Conclusively, shoot tip pruning could be recommended for restoring maximum production and quality fruits in high density square planting system of mango.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

AOAC. 1980. Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Analytical Chemists. Association of Analytical Chemists, Washington DC.

Black C A. 1965. Method of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. American Society Agronomy, Inc, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Chapman H D. 1964. Suggested foliar sampling and handling techniques for determining the nutrient status of some field, horticultural and plantation crops. Indian Journal Horticultural 21(2): 97–119.

Chauhan V K, Jhosi A K and Chauhan N. 2013. Rejuvenation of mango orchard through different pruning treatments. International Journal of Farm Science 3(2): 32–40.

Davenport T L. 2006. Pruning strategies to maximize mango production from the time of planting to restoration of old orchards. Horticultural Science 41(3): 544–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.41.3.544

Devi T M and Tyagi D N. 1991. Physiology of mango (Mangifera indica L.): Fractions of carbohydrates, nitrogen and related enzymes in leaves of flowered and non-flowered shoots of mango. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 34: 30–6.

Hossani G and Razae R. 2007. Effect of training system and rate of pruning on yield and quality of peach fruit. Journal of Agricultural Science 17(1): 31–8.

Kaundal G S, Singh S, Kanwar G S and Chanan Y R. 2002. Effect of pruning techniques on growth, production, quality and nutrient status of peach cv. Pratab. Journal of Research 39(3): 362–7.

Kumar D, Pandey V, Anjaneyulu K and Nath V. 2008. Relationship of trunk cross-sectional area with fruit yield, quality and leaf nutrient status in Allahabad Safeda (Psidium guajava). Indian Journal of Agricultural 78: 337–9.

Kumar P, Sharma S D and Yadav S K. 2013. Correlation and regression studies in mango (Mangifera indica L.). Journal of Plant Nutrition 36(6): 929–47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2012.759971

Kumar P, Sharma S K, Chandel R S, Singh J and Kumar A. 2016. Nutrient dynamics in pistachios (Pistacia vera L.): The effect of mode of nutrient supply on agronomic performance and alternate-bearing in dry temperate ecosystem. Scientia Horticultural 210: 108–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.07.018

Kumar S and Nauriyal J P. 1978. Foliar sampling technique in mango. Punjab Horticultural Journal 20(1-2): 10–5.

Kumar P, Sharma S K and Kumar A. 2017. Foliar nutrient feeding affect generative potential of apples: Multilocation DOP indexing and PCA studies under dry temperate agro-climatic conditions of north-west Himalaya. Scientia Horticultural 218: 265–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.02.029

Lal B and Mishra D. 2007. Effect of pruning on growth and bearing behaviour of mango cv. Chausa. Indian Journal Horticultural 64: 268–70.

Lal B, Rajput M S, Rajan S and Rathore D S. 2001. Effect of pruning on rejuvenation of old mango trees. Indian Journal Horticultural 57(3): 240–2.

Lindsay W L and Norvell W A. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Journal of American Soil Science Society 421–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1978.03615995004200030009x

Merwin H D and Peach P M. 1951. Exchangeability of soil potassium in the sand, silt and clay fractions as influenced by the nature of complementary exchangeable cations. Proceedings of American Soil Science Society 15: 125–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1951.036159950015000C0026x

Montañés L, Heras L, Abadia J and Sanz M. 1993. Plant analysis interpretation based on a new index: Deviation from optimum percentage (DOP). Journal of Plant Nutrition 16: 1289-1308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904169309364613

Montañes L, Heras L and Sanz M. 1991. Deviation from optimum percentage (DOP). A new index for interpretation of plant analysis. An. Aula Dei. 20: 93−107.

Nachtigall G R and Dechen A R. 2006. Seasonality of nutrients in leaves and fruits of apple trees. Science Agriculture 63: 493–501. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162006000500012

NHB. 2015. Area and production statistics, Horticultural Statistics at a Glance-2015. www.nhb.gov.in/area-pro/horst_ galance_2016.pdf.

Nii N, Watanbe T, Yamaguchi K and Nishimura M. 1995. Changes of anatomical features, photosynthesis and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase content of mango leaves. Annals of Botany 76: 649–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1995.1143

Olsen S, Cole C V, Watanable F S and Dean L A. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA Cir. 939.

Onofri A. 2007. Routine statistical analyses of field experiments by using an Excel extension. Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference Italian Biometric Society: La statistica nelle scienze della vita e dell’ambiente, Pisa, pp 93-6.

Oosthuyse S and Jacobs G. 1996. Flowering synchronization of ‘Sensation’ mango trees by winter pruning. Acta Horticultural 455(1): 422–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1997.455.54

Piper C S. 1966. Soil and Plant Analysis, p 368. Hans Publication, Mumbai.

Poffley M and Owens G. 2006. Mango pruning in the top end. Forestry and Horticulture, DPIFM (Department of Primary Industry, Fisheries and Mines), Darwin.

Porika H, Jagadeesha M and Suchithra M. 2015. Effect of pruning severity on quality of grapes cv. Red Globe for summer season. Advances Crop Science and Technology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000S1-004

Rahayu M, Hidayah N B, Mujiono, Thistleton B, Qureshi S and Baker I. 2013. Effects of pruning and fertilizing on production and quality of mango Cultivar Gedong Gincu in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Third Int. Conf. Chem., Biol. Environ. Sci., Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.

Samra J S, Chadha K L and Thakur R S. 1979. Comparison of some mango cultivars in terms of their micronutrient status in fruiting and non-fruiting terminals. Indian Journal of Horticultural 184–7.

Samra J S. 1988. Effect of irrigation water and soil sodicity on the performance and leaf nutrient composition of mango cultivars. Acta Horticultural 231: 306–11.

Samra J S, Thakur R S and Chadha K L. 1978. Evaluation of existing critical limits of leaf nutrient standards in mango. Scientia Horticulturae 8: 349–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(78)90057-2

Saykhul A, Chatzissavvidis C, Therios I, Dimassi K and Chatzistathis T. 2014. Growth and nutrient status of olive plants as influenced by foliar potassium applications. Journal Soil Science Nutrition 14: 602‒15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-95162014005000048

Sharma R R and Singh R. 2006. Pruning intensity modifies canopy micro-climate and influences sex ratio, malformation incidence and development of fruited panicles in Amrapali mango (Mangifera indica L.). Scientia Horticultural. 109: 118–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.03.010

Shinde A K, Patil B P, Pujari K H and Godse S K. 2003. Pruning management in Alphonso mango for sustainability of fruit yield. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 73: 641–4.

Singh S K, Singh S K and Sharma R R. 2010. Pruning alters fruit quality of mango cultivars (Mangifera indica L.) under high density planting. Journal of Tropical Agricultural 48: 55–7.

Singh S K, Singh S K, Sharma R L and Srivastav M. 2009. Effect of pruning on morpho-physiological parameters and microclimate under high density planting of mango (Mangifera indica). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 79(8): 632–5.

Singh S K, Singh S K, Sharma R R and Patel V B. 2010. Influence of pruning intensity on flowering, fruit yields and floral malformation in three mango cultivars planted under high density. Indian Journal of Horticultural 67: 84–9.

Somkuwar R G and Ramteke S D. 2007. Effect of bunch retention, quality and yield in Sharad Seedless. Annual Report 2006-07, National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, India, 20 p.

Stenzel N M C and Neves C S V J. 2004. Rootstocks for ‘Tahiti’ lime. Science Agricultural 61: 151–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162004000200005

Subbiah B V and Asija G L. 1956. A rapid procedure for the estimation of the available nitrogen in soil. Current Science 25: 259–60.

Thirupathi N and Ghosh S N. 2016. Effect of shoot pruning on flowering, yield and quality ofmango cv. Mallika grown in laterite soil. Journal of Crop Weed 12(2): 50–2.

Waghmare G M and Joshi G D. 2008. Response of mango (Mangifera indica L.) to light pruning for vegetative and flowering flushes. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 78: 651–4.

Walkey A and Black C A. 1934. An examination of the method for determining soil organic matter and proposed modification of chromic and titration method. Soil Science 36: 29–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003

Wander M M and Bolero G A. 1999. Soil quality assessment of tillage impacts in Illinois. Soil Science of American Journal 63: 961-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1999.634961x

Westwood M N. 1978. Temperate Zone Pomology. W H Freeman and Company San Francisco.

Yeshitela T, Robbertse P J and Stassen P J C. 2005. Effects of pruning on flowering, yield and fruit quality in mango (Mangifera indica.L). Australian Journal of Experimental Agricultural 45: 1325-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/EA03185