Microbial characterization of on-farm produced bio-enhancers used in organic farming

R A RAM; ATUL SINGHA; SUPRIYA VAISH

doi:10.56093/ijas.v88i1.79550

Authors

R A RAM Principal scientist, ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 101
ATUL SINGHA Scientist, ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 101
SUPRIYA VAISH SRF, Division of Crop Production. ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 101

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i1.79550

Keywords:

Amritpani, Biodynamic liquid pesticide, Jeevamrita, Microbial population, Panchagavya

Abstract

Different bio-enhancers commonly used in organic production of various crops were prepared for microbial characterization. Panchagavya had been utilized since long time by the farmers to provide nutrients to the plants and soil micro-organisms. Microbial analysis of bio-enhancers revealed that Panchagavya contained highest number of total bacteria (6.25 × 10⁹ cfu/ml) as compared to Jeevamrita (3.24 × 10⁹ cfu/ml), biodynamic liquid pesticide (2.27 × 10⁹ cfu/ml) and Amritpani (5.49 × 10⁹ cfu/ml). Panchagavya had also higher number of Pseudomonas (4.7 × 10⁹ cfu/ml), Rhizobium (2.43 × 10⁹ cfu/ml), Azotobacter (1.4 × 10⁹ cfu/ml) and Azospirillum (1.03 × 10⁵ cfu/ml). Fungi population was highest in Jeevamrita (1.20 × 10⁷ cfu/ml) as compared to biodynamic liquid pesticide (2.64 × 10⁶ cfu/ml), Amritpani (0.46 × 10⁵ cfu/ml) and Panchagavya (0.20 × 10⁵ cfu/ml). Actinomycetes, Pseudomonas, p-solubilizing microbes, Azotobacter and Azospirillum population were highest in biodynamic liquid pesticide (1.37 × 10⁸, 3.28 × 10⁸, 8.50 × 10⁶, 2.00 × 10⁶ and 1.40 × 10⁵ cfu/ml). Similarly, gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria and Rhizobium were highest in Jeevamrita (1.60 × 10⁸, 2.20 × 10⁸, 7.51 × 10⁷ cfu/ml). Amritpani had higher number of actinomycetes (1.31 × 10⁷ cfu/ml), gram negative bacteria (1.35 × 10⁸ cfu/ml) and p-solubilizing microbes (4.80 × 10⁶ cfu/ml). Among all bio-enhancers, Panchagavya was rated most effective bio-enhancer followed by biodynamic liquid pesticide, Jeevamrita and Amritpani. Results reveal that these bio-enhancers could play a potent source of beneficial microbes which could improve soil fertility, crop productivity and produce quality.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Amalraj E L D, Kumar P K, Ahmed S K M H, Abdul R and Kishore N. 2013. Microbiological analysis of Panchagavya, vermicompost, and FYM and their effect on plant growth promotion of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) in India. Organic Agriculture 3(1): 23–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-013-0042-2

Chadha S, Rameshwar, Ashlesha, Saini J P and Paul Y S. 2012. Vedic Krishi: Sustainable livelihood option for small and marginal farmers. Indian Journal of Traditional. Knowledge 11(3): 480–6.

Crielly E M, Logan N A and Anderton A.1994. Studies on the Bacillus flora of milk and milk products. Journal of Applied Microbiology 77: 256–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb03072.x

Fred E B, Baldwin I L and McCoy F. 1932. Root Nodule Bacteria and Leguminous Plants. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-193302000-00006

Girija D, Deepa K, Xavier F, Antony I and Shidhi P R. 2013. Analysis of cow dung microbiota-a metagenomic approach. Indian Journal of Biotechnology 12: 372–8.

Goud W D, Hagedorn C, Bardinelli T R and Zablotowiez R M. 1985. New selective medium for enumeration and recovery for fluorescent pseudomonas from various habitats, Applied Environmental Microbiolology 49: 28–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.49.1.28-32.1985

Gupta V K, Mishra A K, Pandey B K, Ram R A, Mishra S P and Chauhan U K. 2009. Evaluation of eco-friendly antagonists isolated from lea based liquid biodynamic pesticides against guava wilt disease caused by Fusarium sp. Journal of Eco-friendly Agriculture 4(1): 77–9.

Hagedorn C and Holt J G.1954. Ecology of soil arthrobactrers in Clarion-Websters toposequence of Iowa. Applied Microbiology 29: 211–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/am.29.2.211-218.1975

Jensen H L.1954.The Azotobacteriaceae. Bacterial Review 18: 195–214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/br.18.4.195-214.1954

King E O, Ward M K and Rancy D E.1954.Two simple media for the demonstration of phycocyanin and fluorescein. Journal of Laboratoroy and Clinical Medicine 44: 301–7.

Kishun R, Mishra D and Ram R A. 2004. Microorganisms from biodynamic sources and their evaluation against MBCD pathogen. Proceedings National Symposium on Organic Farming in Horticulture, CISH, Lucknow, p 294-97.

Nene Y L. 2007. Utilizing traditional knowledge in agriculture. (In) National Seminar on Organic Agriculture: Hope of Posterity, 13-14 July, 2007 organized by UPCAR and NCOF, pp 6–10.

Norris J R and Chapman H M.1968. Classification of Azotobacter. (In) Identification Methods for Microbiologists, pp 19–27. (Gibbs B M and Shapton D A) (Eds). Academic Press, London and New York.

Okon Y, Alberecht S L and Burris R H. 1977. Methods for growing Spirillum lipoferum and for counting it in pure culture and in association with plants. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 33: 85–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.33.1.85-88.1977

Pathak R K, Kishun R, Khan R M and Ram R A. 2004. Proceedings, National Symposium on Organic Farming in Horticulture, CISH, Lucknow, p 294–7.

Phate S, Kate T and Wagh G N.2014. Effect of different

formulations of liquid manures on the biodiversity of beneficial microbes, Bioscience. Biotechnology Research Communications 7(1): 18–26.

Pikovskaya R E. 1948. Mobilization of phosphorous in soil in connection with vital activity of some microbial species. Microbiology 17: 363–70.

Radha T K and Rao D L N. 2014. Plant growth promoting bacteria from cow dung based biodynamic preparations. Indian Journal of Microbiology 54(4): 413–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-014-0468-6

Sangeetha V and Thevanathan R. 2010. Biofertilizer potential of traditional and Panchagavya amended with seaweed extract. Journal of American Science 6(2): 61–7.

Suresh Kumar R, Ganesh P and Tharmaraj K. 2011. Biochemical characterization and antibacterial activity of Panchagavya. Golden Research Thoughts 1(5): 1–4.

Yadav B K and Lourdraj C A. 2006. Effect of organic manures and Panchagavya spray on yield attributes and economics of rice (Oryza sativa). Crop Research 31: 1–5.