Screening of elite eggplant (Solanum melongena) genotypes for bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) in field conditions and their genetic association by using SSR markers

P S KHAPTE; T H SINGH; D C LAKSHMANA REDDY

doi:10.56093/ijas.v88i10.84204

Authors

P S KHAPTE Scientist, Division of Integrated Farming System, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342 003
T H SINGH Principal Scientist, Division of Vegetable Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 089.
D C LAKSHMANA REDDY Scientist, Division of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 089.

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i10.84204

Keywords:

Bacterial wilt, Eggplant, Microsatellite, Molecular markers, Solanum melongena, Yield

Abstract

Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) has been a major production constraint in the tropics and sub tropics of the world. Lack of understanding about host, pathogen and environment perhaps one of the reasons for limited success in controlling this disease. In present investigation, six elite genotypes of eggplant were screened against bacterial wilt in field conditions and later SSR screening was done to identify markers linked for resistant and susceptible lines, and their genetic clustering. At field level, the genotypes like CARI-1, IIHR-7 and IIHR-500A had shown resistant to bacterial wilt and recorded good yield. Further, 245 SSRs markers used for screening had shown good amplification, however only 37 primers were polymorphic, and microsatellite allele sizes were determined at their 74 loci. The average polymorphic information content was 0.315 and it ranged from 0.239 to 0.375. The SSR emh21J12 shown 170 bp band for the resistant genotypes and 160 bp band for the susceptible ones. Another SSR emf01K16 gave the unique banding pattern in resistant genotypes at 250 bp and susceptible at 260 bp. Dendrogram analysis classified these six genotypes into three main clusters. Cluster I consists of IIHR-575, IIHR-108 and IIHR-500A, where IIHR-500S was solitary. The cluster II consists Rampur local and IIHR-7 whereas, cluster III was solitary comprising CARI-1. It was revealed that the co-dominant markers such as SSR proved to be high effective tool in discriminating between resistant and susceptible genotypes, and classifying these genotypes based on genetic diversity. Hence, the field and molecular markers screening reveals that eggplant genotypes IIHR-7, IIHR-500A and CARI-1 are resistant to bacterial wilt and these resistant genotypes can be used for further breeding programme, and the identified SSR markers can be useful tool for marker assisted selection for bacterial wilt in eggplant.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Amin A, Razvi, S M, Dar Z A, Zafar G, Bhat M A, Mir M R, Wani N and Bhat K A. 2010. Molecular markers and their application in improvement of vegetable crops. International Journal of Current Research 4: 38–48.

Anonymous. 2014. National Horticulture Board, Indian Horticulture Database, 2013, Gurgaon, p 251.

Atabug R R and Juan M O S. 1981. Screening of tomato accessions for bacterial wilt resistance. Philippines Phytopathology 17: 63–6.

Bainsla N K, Singh S, Singh P K, Kumar K, Singh A K and Gautam R. 2016. Genetic behaviour of bacterial wilt resistance in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in tropics of Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. American Journal of Plant Science 7: 333–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2016.72033

Botstein D, White R L, Skolnick M and Davis R W. 1980. Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphism. American Journal of Human Genetics 32: 314–31.

Caguiat X G I and Hautea D M 2014. Genetic diversity analysis of eggplant (Solanum melongena l.) and related wild species in the Philippines using morphological and SSR markers. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 46: 183–201.

Cao B H, Lei J, Wang Y and Chen G. 2009. Inheritance and identification of SCAR marker linked to bacterial wilt-resistance in eggplant. African Journal of Biotechnology 8: 5201–7.

Chaudhary D R and Sharma S D. 2000. Screening of some eggplant cultivars against bacterial wilt and fruit borer. Agricultural Science Digest 20: 129–30.

Chourey S K, Solanki S, Gaikwad A B, Pandey C D and Archak S. 2017. SSR marker analysis points to population admixture and continuum of genetic variation among Indian landraces of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Scientia Horticulturae 224: 68–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.06.001

Das C R and Chattopadhyay SB 1953. Bacterial wilt on eggplant. Indian Phytopathology 8: 130–5.

Demir K, Bakir M, Sarıkamis G and Acunalp S. 2010. Genetic diversity of eggplant (Solanum melongena) germplasm from Turkey assessed by SSR and RAPD markers. Genetics and Molecular Research 9: 1568–76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4238/vol9-3gmr878

Doyle J J and Doyle J L. 1987. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin 19: 11–5.

Frary A, Doganlar S and Daunay M C 2007. Eggplant. (In) Vegetables SE - 9, pp 287–313. Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants, Kole C (Ed). Springer, Berlin. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34536-7_9

Fukuoka H, Miyatake K, Nunome T, Negoro S, Shirasawa K, Isobe S, Asamizu E, Yamaguchi H and Ohyama A. 2012. Development of gene-based markers and construction of an integrated linkage map in eggplant by using Solanum orthologous (SOL) gene sets. Theoretical Applied Genetics 125: 47–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-012-1815-9

Gopalakrishnan C, Singh T H and Artal R B. 2014. Evaluation of eggplant accessions for resistance to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (E.F. Smith) Yabuuchi et al. Journal Horticultural Sciences 9: 202–5.

Gopalan C, Rama Sastri B V and Balasubramanian S. 2007. Nutritive Value of Indian Foods. National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), ICMR.

Hayward A C. 1991. Biology and epidemiology of bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum. Annual Review of Phytopathology 29: 65–87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.29.090191.000433

Hussain Z M, Rahman M A and Bashar M A. 2005. Screening of eggplant accessions for bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Bangladesh Journal of Botany 34: 53–8.

Kalia R K, Rai M K, Kalia S, Singh R and Dhawan A K. 2011. Microsatellite markers: an overview of the recent progress in plants. Euphytica 177: 309–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-010-0286-9

Kalinowski S T, Taper M L and Marshall T C. 2007. Revising how the computer program CERVUS accommodates genotyping error increases success in paternity assignment. Molecular Ecology 16: 1099–106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03089.x

Khapte P S, Singh T H, Sadashiva A T and Reddy K M. 2012. Performance of parents and hybrids for yield and yield attributing characters in manjarigota type of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Madras Agricultural Journal 99: 438–41.

Kumar Arun M B, Dadlani M, Kumar R and Jacob S R 2014. Identification and validation of informative SSR markers suitable for ensuring the genetic purity of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) hybrid seeds. Scientia Horticulturae 171: 95–100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.03.034

Lakshmana Reddy D C, Khandagale K, Srinivas Reddy S H, Kanupriya C, Chennareddy A and Singh T H. 2012. SSR-Based DNA barcodes as a tool for identification of eggplant genotypes. International Journal of Vegetable Science 18: 260–71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2011.633976

Liu T, Yu Y, Cai X, Tu W, Xie C and Liu J. 2016. Introgression of bacterial wilt resistance from Solanum melongena to S. tuberosum through asymmetric protoplast fusion. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 125: 433–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-016-0958-9

Mangal M, Upadhyay P and Kalia P. 2016 Characterization of cultivated and wild genotypes of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and confirmation of hybridity using microsatellite markers. Vegetos 29: 27–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/2229-4473.2016.00016.1

Mansfield J, Genin S, Magori S, Citovsky V, Sriariyanum M, Ronald P, Dow M, Verdier V, Beer S V, Machado M A, Toth I, Salmond G and Foster G D. 2012. Top 10 plant pathogenic bacteria in molecular plant pathology. Molecular Plant Pathology 13: 614–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2012.00804.x

Martin F W and Rhodes A M. 1979. Sub-specific grouping of eggplant cultivars. Euphytica 28: 367–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00056595

Mondal B, Bhattacharya I, Sarkar A and Khatua D S. 2013. Evaluation of local eggplant (Solanummelongena L.) germplasm for bacterial resistance. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences 9: 709–16.

Nunome T, Negoro S, Kono I, Kanamori H, Miyatake K, Yamaguchi H, Ohyama A and Fukuoka H. 2009. Development of SSR markers derived from SSR-enriched genomic library of eggplnt (Solanum melongena L.). Theoretical Applied Genetics 119: 1143–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-009-1116-0

Nunome T, Suwabe K, Iketani H and Hirai M. 2003. Identification and characterization of microsatellites in eggplant. Plant Breeding 122: 256–62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00816.x

Oliveira I T, Lopes C A and Moura A B. 2014. Fruit yield and bacterial wilt symptoms on eggplant genotypes grown in soil infested with Ralstonia solanacearum. Horticultura Brasileira 32: 453–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-053620140000400013

Prohens J, Munoz-Falcon J E, Vilanova S and Nuez F. 2011. Comparison of morphological, AFLP and SSR markers for the protection of eggplant germplasm. Acta Horticulturae 898: 123–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2011.898.14

Rai P V, Shivappa Setty K K A and Vasantha Setty K P. 1975. Bacterial wilt of petunia and its source of inoculum. Current Research 4: 173–4.

Rao M V B, Sohi H S and Vijay O P. 1976. Reaction of some varieties of eggplant to Pseudomonas solanacearum. Vegetable Science 3: 61–4.

Sarkar S and Chaudhuri S. 2016. Bacterial wilt and its management. Current Science 110: 1439–45.

Shukla V and Naik L B. 1993. Agro-techniques of solanaceous vegetables. (In) Advances in Horticulture,Vol 5. Vegetable Crops, Part 1, p 365. Chadha K L and Kalloo G (Eds). Malhotra Pub House, New Delhi.

Stagel A, Portis E, Toppino L, Rotino G L and Lanteri S. 2008. Gene based microsatellite development for mapping and phylogeny studies in eggplant. BMC Genomics 9: 357–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-357

This P, Jung A, Boccacci P, Borrego, Botta J, Constantini L, Crespan M, Dangl G S, Eisenheld C, Ferreira-Monteiro F, Grando S, Ibanez J, Lacombe T, Laucou V, Magalhaes R, Meredith C P, Milani N, Peterlunger E, Regner F, Zulini L and Maul E. 2004. Development of a standard set of microsatellite reference alleles for identification of grape cultivars. Theoretical Applied Genetics 109: 1448–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-004-1760-3

Verma M, Rathi S, Munshi A D, Kumar A, Arya L, Bhat K V and Kumar R. 2012. Genetic diversity of Indian eggplant revealed by RAPD and SSR markers. Indian Journal Horticulture 694: 517–22.

Yang X, Cheng Y, Deng C, Ma Y, Wang Z, Chen X and Xue L. 2014. Comparative transcriptome analysis of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and turkey berry (Solanum torvum Sw.): phylogenomics and disease resistance analysis. BMC Genomics 15: 412. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-412