Moisture-stress management under limited and assured irrigation regimes in wheat (Triticum aestivum): Effects on crop productivity, water use efficiency, grain quality, nutrient acquisition and soil fertility
![](/public/icon/gor.png)
![](/public/icon/pdf.png)
Keywords:
Aqua-sowing, Limited irrigation, Moisture-stress management, Organic mulch, Pusa hydrogel, WheatAbstract
A field experiment was carried-out for three consecutive years during winter seasons of 2010-11 to 2012-13 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to evaluate the effect of various moisture-stress management options on crop and water productivity, quality, nutrient uptake and soil fertility in wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend Fiori and Paol] The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications comprising eight treatments, viz. Pusa hydrogel under assured irrigation (PHAI), organic mulch under assured irrigation (OMAI), aqua-sowing under assured irrigation (ASAI), control under assured irrigation (CAI), Pusa hydrogel under limited irrigation (PHLI), organic mulch under limited irrigation (OMLI), aqua-sowing under limited irrigation (ASLI), and control under limited irrigation (CLI). The maximum plant height (87.2 cm), tillers/m2 (560) and LAI (5.19) were recorded with OMAI followed by PHAI and ASAI. Wheat grain yield increased by 5.9, 6.7 and 11.4% due to aquasowing, Pusa hydrogel and organic mulch, respectively under assured irrigation. Per cent grain yield improvement under limited irrigation was 13.2, 14.8 and 22.1% owing to aqua-sowing, Pusa hydrogel and organic mulch, respectively. The grain protein content was more under limited irrigation with maximum protein (10.33%) under CLI. Highest consumptive use (430 mm) was recorded under OMAI; however, the maximum water-use efficiency was found with OMLI (11.7 kg/ha-mm) followed by ASLI (11.4 kg/ha-mm). Under limited irrigation, the lowest proline accumulation was recorded under OMLI (9.3 μg/g fresh weight) while under PHLI and ASLI it was 10.2 and 13.1 μg/g fresh weight,
respectively. Overall, it is highlighted that under limited irrigation, the organic mulching followed by Pusa hydrogel and aqua-sowing can be good options to achieve higher crop and water productivity and nutrient acquisition in wheat under water starved agro-ecosystems.
Downloads
References
Acharya C L, Kapoor O C, and Dixit S P. 1998. Moisture conservation for rainfed wheat production with alternative mulches and conservation tillage in the hills of north-west India. Soil and Tillage Research 46: 153–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00030-0
Ansari M A, Rana K S, Rana D S and Kumar P. 2011. Effect of nutrient management and anti-transpirant on rainfed sole and intercropped pearlmillet and pigeonpea. Indian Journal of Agronomy 56(3): 209–16.
Bamboriya S D, Bana R S, Pooniya V, Rana K S and Singh Y V. 2017. Planting density and nitrogen management effects on productivity, quality and water-use efficiency of rainfed pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum) under conservation agriculture. Indian Journal of Agronomy 62(3): 363–6.
Bana R S, Pooniya V, Choudhary A K, Rana K S and Tyagi V K. 2016. Influence of organic nutrient sources and moisture management on productivity, bio-fortification and soil health in pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum) + clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonaloba) intercropping system of semi-arid India. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 86(11): 1418–25.
Bana R S, Rana K S, Dass A, Choudhary A K, Pooniya V, Vyas A K, Kaur R, Sepat S and Rana D S. 2013. A Manual on Dryland Farming and Watershed Management, p 104. IARI, New Delhi.
Bouyoucos G J. 1962. Hydrometer method for making particle size analysis of soils. Agronomy Journal 54: 464. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1962.00021962005400050028x
Chattaraji S, Chakraborty D, Garg R N, Singh R, Singh G P, Sehgal V K, Sahoo R N, Singh S, Gupta V K and Chand D. 2011. Evaluating the effect of irrigation on crop evapotranspiration in by combining conventional and remote sensing methods. Journal of Agricultural Physics 11: 35–52.
Choudhary A K, Singh A and Yadav D S. 2010. ‘On Farm Testing’ of wheat cultivars for site-specific assessment under varied bio-physical regimes in mid-hill conditions of Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh. Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development 5(1): 1–6.
Choudhary A K, Thakur R C and Kumar N. 2008. Effect of integrated nutrient management on soil physical and hydraulic properties in rice-wheat crop sequence in north-western Himalayas. Indian Journal of Soil Conservation 36(2): 97–104.
Das T K, Bhattacharyya R, Sudhishri S, Sharma A R, Saharawat Y S, Bandyopadhyay K K, Sepat S, Bana R S, Aggarwal P, Sharma R K, Bhatia A, Singh G, Datta S P, Kar A, Singh B, Singh P, Pathak H, Vyas A K, Jat M L. 2014. Conservation agriculture in an irrigated cotton–wheat system of the western Indo-Gangetic Plains: Crop and water productivity and economic profitability. Field Crop Research 158: 24–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.12.017
El-Hady O A and Abo-Sedera S A. 2006. Conditioning effect of composts and acrylamide hydrogels on a sandy calcareous soil. II-physico-bio-chemical properties of the soil. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 8: 876–84.
Irigoyen J J, Emerich D W and Sanchez-Diaz M. 1992. Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in modulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants. Plant Physiology 84(1): 55–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1992.840109.x
Jackson M L. 1973. Soil Chemical Aanalysis, 2nd Edition, pp 498. Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.
Keyvan S. 2010. The effects of drought stress on yield, relative water content, proline, soluble carbohydrates and chlorophyll of bread wheat cultivars. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 8(3): 1051–60.
Kilic H and Yagbasanlar T. 2010. The effect of drought stress on grain yield, yield components and some quality traits of durum wheat cultivars. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 38(1): 164–70.
Kumar A, Rana K S, Rana D S, Bana R S, Choudhary A K, and Pooniya V. 2015. Effect of nutrient and moisture management practices on crop productivity, water-use efficiency and energy dynamics in rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) + soybean (Glycine max L.) intercropping system. Indian Journal of Agronomy 60(1): 152–56.
MoA&FW. 2016–17. Annual Report 2016–17, Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers’ Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, New Delhi, p 188.
Narjary B and Aggarwal P. 2014. Evaluation of soil physical quality under amendments and hydrogel applications in a soybean-wheat cropping system. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. DOI: 10.1080/00103624.2013.875191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2013.875191
Olsen B C, Cole C V, Watenabe F S and Dean L A. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus by extraction with sodium carbonate. USDA Circular No. 939, p 19.
Patil M D, Dhindwal A S and Rajanna G A. 2014. Integrated moisture stress management in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Indian Journal of Agronomy 59(4): 629–33.
Piper C S. 1950. Soil and Plant Analysis, p 286-7. The University of Adelaide, Australia.
Rana K S and Bana R S. 2012.Studies on aqua-fertilization with and without nitrogen in wheat (Triticum aestivum) under rainfed conditions. Research on Crops 13(2): 453–5.
Rana K S and Singh R K. 2006. Nutrient management using aqua-fertilization in wheat under dryland condition. Crop Research 32(3): 300–1.
Rana K S, Choudhary A K, Sepat S, Bana R S and Das A. 2014. Methodological and Analytical Agronomy, p 276. Post Graduate School, IARI, New Delhi, India.
Richards L A. 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement in Saline, Alkali Soils. Handbook No. 60, USDA, Washington. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-195408000-00012
Sheoran O P, Tonk D S, Kaushik L S, Hasija R C and Pannu R S. 1998. Statistical software package for agricultural research workers. (In) Recent Advances in information theory, Statistics & Computer Applications, pp 139–43. Hooda D S and Hasija R C (Eds). Department of Mathematics and Statistics, CCS HAU, Hisar.
Shinde S S. 2011. ‘Studies on some physiological traits in wheat under water stress condition’. Ph D thesis, University of Pune. URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10603/3267.
Singh R K, Singh S and Singh A K. 2005. Effect of aqua-ferti sowing and graded nitrogen on productivity, nutrient uptake and moisture use by wheat under rainfed conditions. (In) Abstract National Symposium on Efficient Water Management for Eco-friendly Sustainable and Profitable Agriculture’, IARI, New Delhi, p 174–5.
Subbiah B V and Asija G L. 1956. A rapid procedure for the estimation of available N in soils. Current Science 25(8): 259–60.
Taban M and Naeini S A R M. 2006.Effect of aquasorb and organic compost amendments on soil water retention and evaporation with different evaporation potentials and soil textures. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 37: 2031–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620600770383
Tetarwal J P and Rana K S. 2006. Impact of cropping system, fertility status and moisture conservation practices on productivity, nutrient uptake, water use and profitability of pearlmillet under rainfed conditions. Indian Journal of Agronomy 51(4): 263–6.
Walkley A J and Black C A. 1934. Estimation of soil organic carbon by the chronic acid titration method. Soil Science 37: 29–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003
Zhang J, Sui X, Bin Li, Baolin Su, Jianmin Li and Zhou D. 1998. An improved water-use efficiency for winter wheat grown under reduced irrigation. Field Crops Research 59: 79–98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(98)00104-X
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the articles published in The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences is vested with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, which reserves the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad, for reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information. The Council has no objection to using the material, provided the information is not being utilized for commercial purposes and wherever the information is being used, proper credit is given to ICAR.