Identification of the productivity-limiting nutrients of Xuxiang kiwifruit (Actiniadia chinensis) in China's central Shaanxi province by analyzing soil fertility and leaf elements

N N WANG; Y L CHEN; B LIU; H Y YU; Y HAO; H H HE; Z D LIU; F W MA

doi:10.56093/ijas.v89i4.88845

Authors

N N WANG Lecturer, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
Y L CHEN Undergraduate Student, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
B LIU Undergraduate Student, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
H Y YU Undergraduate Student, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
Y HAO Undergraduate Student, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
H H HE Assistant Research Fellow, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
Z D LIU Professor, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
F W MA Corresponding Author, Professor, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v89i4.88845

Keywords:

Actiniadia, DRIS, Leaf nutrient, Nutritional diagnosis, Soil fertility, Sufficiency range

Abstract

A survey was initiated to identify the productivity-limiting nutrients of Xuxiang kiwifruit (Actiniadia chinensis Lindl.) orchards in central Shaanxi province in China during 2016-2017. For this purpose 149 kiwifruit orchards were selected for leaf sampling and 59 of them were randomly selected for soil analysis. These investigated orchards were divided into two subpopulations: high-productivity subpopulation (21 orchards) and low-productivity subpopulation (128 orchards) according to the fruit yield and appearance as well as vine growth performance. The nutrient concentrations in leaves of high-productivity subpopulation were used to compute the norms of the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS), and in low-productivity orchards the order of nutrient requirement was found to be Zn>Mn>K>Fe>Cl>P>B>Ca>Mg>Cu>N. Among them, the deficient nutrients were Zn, Mn and K, while the excessive ones were N, Cu and Mg. However, the limiting elements in various locations and orchard ages differed. These results obtained from leaf analysis were further validated by soil fertility evaluation using sufficiency range, 94.9%, 83.1%, 76.3%, 32.2% and 23.7% of the orchards were high in pH, Ca, Mg, nitrate N and Cu respectively. By contrast, approximately 70% of the soils were low in Fe, Mn, Zn and Cl, and over 30% low in K, P and OM. Results obtained could be used for guiding the sustainably-integrated nutrient management for kiwifruit orchards in central Shaanxi and other regions with similar environmental conditions.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bao S D. 2000. Soil Analysis in Agricultural Chemistry, pp 25–282. Chinese Agriculture Publishing House, Beijing.

Barłóg P. 2016. Diagnosis of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) nutrient imbalance by DRIS and CND-clr methods at two stages during early growth. Journal of Plant Nutrition 39: 1–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2014.964366

Bates T E. 1971. Factors affecting critical nutrient concentrations in plant and their evaluation. A review. Soil Science 112: 116–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-197108000-00005

Beaufils E R. 1973. Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS). A general scheme for experimentation and calibration based on principals developed from research in plant nutrition. Soil Science Bulletin, 1. University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg. South Africa p 132.

Behera S K, Rao B N, Suresh K, Ramachandrudu K and Manorama K. 2016. Soil fertility, leaf nutrient concentration and yield limiting nutrients in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantations of Surat district of Gujarat. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 86: 409–13.

Cui Z L, Zhang H Y, Chen X P, Zhang C C, Ma W Q and Huang C D. 2018. Pursuing sustainable productivity with millions of smallholder farmers. Nature 555: 363–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25785

FAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization).2018. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC.

Huang C H, Qu X Y, Liu K P, Leng J H, Tu G Q, Li B M and Xu X B. 2014. Analysis of soil physicochemical properties, leaf nutrients and fruit qualities in the orchards of‘Jinkui’kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). Journal of Fruit Science 31: 1091–9.

Hundal H S, Singh D and Singh K. 2007. Monitoring nutrient status of guava fruit trees in Punjab, northwest India through the diagnostic and recommendation integrated system approach. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 38: 2117–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620701548894

Lago M C F, Castro J, Briones M J I, Gallego P P and Barreal M E. 2015. Effect of agricultural management on kiwifruit nutritional plant status, fruit quality and yield. Acta Horticulturae 1096: 79–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1096.5

Lai Y. 2011. Effect of fertilization on kiwifruit yield and quality. Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University (Master Thesis), Yangling, China.

Li H T, Zhou J B, Zheng X F, Dang T, Ma W Z and Lei Z X. 1996. Nutrient diagnosis and fertilization in soils in Fuji apple orchards in rain-fed land. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas 14: 45–50.

Liu X F, Fan X F, Zhang L S, Yao C C, Long Z X and Wang X L. 2002. Inducing factors of iron deficiency chlorosis of kiwis in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi. Acta Agriculturae Boreali- Occidentalis Sinica 11: 57–9.

Lu Y L, Chen Z J, Kang T T, Zhang X J, Bellarby J and Zhou J B. 2016b. Land-use changes from arable crop to kiwi-orchard increased nutrient surpluses and accumulation in soils. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 223: 270–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.03.019

Lu Y L, Kang T T, Zhang X J, Gao J B, Chen Z J and Zhou J B 2016a. Evaluation of current fertilization status in kiwifruit orchards on the northern slope of Qinling Mountains: A case study of Yujiahe catchment, in Zhouzhi county. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer 22: 380–7.

Marschner P. 2012. Marschner’s Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, pp 21–39. Academic Press, London.

Mohammed Y A, Chen C and Afshar R K. 2017. Nutrient requirements of camelina for biodiesel deedstock in central Montana. Agronomy Journal 109: 309–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.03.0163

Montañés L, Heras L, Abadía J and Sanz M. 1993. Plant analysis interpretation based on a new index: deviation from optimum percentage (DOP). Journal of Plant Nutrition 16: 1289–308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904169309364613

Mourão Filho F F A. 2004. DRIS: concepts and applications on nutritional diagnosis in fruit crops. Scientia Agricola 61: 550–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162004000500015

Müller K, Holmes A, Deurer M and Clothier B E. 2015. Eco-efficiency as a sustainability measure for kiwifruit production in New Zealand. Journal of Cleaner Production 106: 333–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.07.049

Nachtigall G R and Dechen A R. 2007. DRIS use on apple orchard nutritional evaluation in response to potassium fertilization. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 38: 2557–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620701588882

Parent L E and Dafir M M. 1992. A theoretical concept of compositional nutrient diagnosis. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117: 239–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.117.2.239

Peticila A, Scaeteanu G V, Madjar R, Stanica F and Asanica A. 2015. Fertilization effect on mineral nutrition of Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi) cultivated on different substrates. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 6: 132–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2015.08.049

Serra A P, Marchetti M E, Bungenstab D J, Silva M A G, Serra R P, Guimarães F C N, Conrad V D A and Morais H S. 2013. Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) to assess the nutritional state of plants; Biomass Now-Sustainable Growth and Use, Matovic M D (Ed). pp 129–46. nTech, Rijeka.

Sher D J. 2008. KiwiTech Bulletin No. 43: Kiwifruit Nutrient Testing, pp. 1–7.

Smith G S, Ascher C J and and Clark C J. 1987a. Kiwifruit Nutrition: Diagnosis of Nutritional Disorders. pp 61. 2nd edn. Agpress Communications Ltd, Wellington.

Smith G, Clark C and Holland P. 1987b. Chlorine requirement of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). New Phytologist 106: 71–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1987.tb04792.x

Song X B, Zhang X W and Ma S T. 2003. Studies on occurrence regulation of kiwifruit chlorosis. Journal of Northwest Sci- Tech University Agriculture and Forestry (Nature Science Edtion) 31: 5–8.

Srivastava A K and Singh S. 2008. DRIS norms and their field validation in Nagpur mandarin. Journal of Plant Nutrition 31: 1091–107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160802115359

Tagliavini M and Rombolà A D. 2001. Iron deficiency and chlorosis in orchard and vineyard ecosystems. European Journal of Agronomy 15: 71–92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(01)00125-3

Tong Y A. 2011. Soil Testing and Fertilization Recommendation for Fruit Trees in Northern China, pp 20. Chinese Agriculture Publishing House, Beijing.

Tran L L, Ma H Y, Tong Y A, Lu Y L, Lai Y, Liu F, Chen Y J and Lin W. 2012. Nutrients diagnosis of kiwifruit chlorosis and study on relativity of soil nutrients. Chinese Soil and Fertilizer 6: 41–4.

Vajari M A, Eshghi S, Moghadam J F and Gharaghani A. 2018. Late season mineral foliar application improves nutritional reserves and flowering of kiwifruit. Scientia Horticulturae 232: 22–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.12.055

Wairegi L and Asten P V. 2011. Norms for multivariate diagnosis of nutrient imbalance in the East African Highland bananas (Musa spp. AAA). Journal of Plant Nutrition 34: 1453–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2011.585203

Walworth J L and Sumner M E. 1987. The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS). Advances in Soil Science 6: 149–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4682-4_4

Wang J. 2008. The growth, nutrients uptake, utilization and accumulation in 'Qinmei' Kiwifruit tree. Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University (Master Thesis), Yangling, China.

Xiong Y and Li Q K. 1987. Chinese Soil, pp 573–85. 2nd edn. Science Press, Beijing.

Yang L L. 2016. Effect of different fertilizer application on kiwifruit yield, quality and the orchard nutrient. Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University (Master Thesis), Yangling, China.

Yu J Y. 2017. Efficient Cultivation of Kiwifruit in Diagrams, pp 84–112. China Machine Press, Beijing.

Zhang L S, Wu C L, Wang X L, Long Z X, Liang J, Ma S S and Zheng Y P. 2001. A study on the leaf nutrient status and standard value in Qinmei kiwifruit orchards. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica 10: 74–6.

Zhang X G. 2016. Shaanxi Statistical Yearbook, pp 279. China Statistics Press, Beijing.

Zhao Z P, Duan M, Yan S, Liu Z F, Wang Q, Fu J and Tong Y A. 2017. Effects of different fertilizations on fruit quality, yield and soil fertility in field-grown kiwifruit orchard. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 10: 162–71.

Zhou G F, Peng S A, Liu Y Z, Wei Q J, Han J and Islam M Z. 2014. The physiological and nutritional responses of seven different citrus rootstock seedlings to boron deficiency. Trees 28: 295–307. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-013-0949-y