Carry-over effect of brown manuring supplemented with nitrogen on productivity and profitability in succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum)

BISWARANJAN BEHERA; T K DAS; NEELMANI RATHI

doi:10.56093/ijas.v89i4.88871

Authors

BISWARANJAN BEHERA M Sc Scholar, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
T K DAS Principal Scientist, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
NEELMANI RATHI Senior Research Fellow, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v89i4.88871

Keywords:

Brown manuring, Carry-over effects, Nitrogen supplement, Weeds Wheat

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (2017-18) in succession to maize (Zea mays L.) crop grown with several brown manuring (BM) practices (2017) at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The field layout was fixed for both maize and wheat. The 12 brown manuring/weed control treatments adopted in maize were taken as main plot treatments, and three levels of N, viz. 0, 60 and 120 kg N/ha were taken as sub-plot treatments. At 40 DAS, with respect to weed control, all BM/weed control treatments were inferior to weed-free control, which was freshly employed in both seasons, but was superior to un-weeded control. Among the BM treatments, the Sesbania + Crotalaria mixture (12.5+12.5 kg/ha) and 2,4-D applied at 35 DAS resulted in lowest total weed density (~31.8/m2), which was 46.5% lower than that in the un-weeded control. Total weed density was positively correlated with N level. Total weed density was highest at the highest dose of nitrogen at 120 kg/ha (~37.1/ m2) and was significantly higher than those in no nitrogen (~32.0/m2). Sesbania + Crotalaria mixture (12.5+12.5 kg/ha) and 2,4-D applied at 35 DAS was superior to others with respect to wheatâ€™s ear bearing tillers (419.6), grains/ spike (49.1), 1000-grain weight (40.3 g), harvest index (38.5%), grain yield (4.41 t/ha) and biological yield (11.42 t/ ha), gross returns (111500 `/ha) and net returns (80600 `/ha). This treatment also resulted in higher grain yield (4.80 t/ha) and net returns (89400 `/ha) than other treatments at 60 kg N/ha, and was at par with weed-free control with 120 kg N/ha (5.19 t/ha and 92200 `/ha, respectively). Therefore, the carry-over effects of 1:1 mixture of Sesbania bispinosa and Crotalaria juncea (12.5+12.5 kg/ha) and 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha applied at 35 DAS in combination with 60 kg N/ha can lead to higher wheat productivity and profitability.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Chettri G B, Ghimiray M and Floyd C N. 2003. Effects of farmyard manure, fertilizers and green manuring in rice-wheat systems in Bhutan: results from a long-term experiment. Experimental Agriculture 39(2): 129–44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479702001163

Das T K and Das D K. 2018. Using chemical seed dormancy breakers with herbicides for weed management in soybean and wheat. Weed Research 58: 188–99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12295

Das T K. 1999. Is transformation of weed data always necessary?. Annals of Agricultural Research 20: 335–41.

Das T K. 2008. Weed Science: Basics and Application, 1st edn, p 901. Jain Brothers Pub, New Delhi.

Evans J, Scott G, Lemerle D, Kaiser A, Orchard B, Murray G M and Armstrong E L. 2003. Impact of legume 'break' crops on the residual amount and distribution of soil mineral nitrogen. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54: 763–76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/AR02149

Fageria N K. 2007. Green manuring in crop production. Journal of Plant Nutrition 30: 691–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160701289529

Herridge D F, Peoples M B and Boddey R M. 2008. Global inputs of biological nitrogen fixation in agricultural systems. Plant and Soil 311: 1–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9668-3

Humphreys E, Kukal S S, Christen E W, Hira G S, Singh B, Yadav S and Sharma R K. 2010. Halting the groundwater decline in North-West India – which technologies will be winners? Advances in Agronomy 109: 155–217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385040-9.00005-0

Kumar A, Mahapatra B S, Misra A, Patro H K and Singh S P. 2007. Nodulation, biomass production, nutrient accumulation, carbon:nitrogen ratio and decomposition rate of various green manuring crops in submerged rice soil. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 77: 273–5.

Maitra S and Zaman A. 2017. Brown manuring, an effective technique for yield sustainability and weed management of cereal crops: a review. International Journal of Bioresource Science 4(1): 1–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/2454-9541.2017.00001.9

Nawaz A, Farooq M, Lal R, Rehman A, Hussain T and Nadeem A. 2017. Influence of Sesbania brown manuring and rice residue mulch on soil health, weeds and system productivity of conservation rice–wheat systems. Land Degradation and Development 28: 1078–90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2578

Oyeogbe A I, Das T K, Bhatia A and Singh S B. 2017. Adaptive nitrogen and integrated weed management in conservation agriculture: impacts on agronomic productivity, greenhouse gas emissions, and herbicide residues. Environmental Monitoring Assessment 189(4): 198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-5917-3

Pal N and Sarkar S. 2015. Statistics: Concepts and Applications, 6th printing, 2nd edn, p 445. PHI Learning Pvt Ltd, Delhi, India,

Peoples M B and Herridge D F. 1990. Nitrogen fixation by legumes in tropical and sub-tropical agriculture. Advances in Agronomy 44: 155–223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60822-6

Prasad R, Singh D K and Singh R K. 2001. Temporal variation in mineral nitrogen in soil as influenced by incorporation of legume or cereal residues under submerged or well drained conditions. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 47: 133–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340109366203

Sepat S, Bana R S, Kumar D and Rana K S. 2013. A Practical Manual on Principles and Practices of Managing Soil and Field Crops. Division of Agronomy, IARI, New Delhi, p 10.

Susha V S, Das T K, Nath C P, Pandey R, Paul S and Ghosh S. 2018. Impacts of tillage and herbicide mixture on weed interference, agronomic productivity and profitability of a maize – wheat system in the North-western Indo-Gangetic Plains. Field Crops Research 219: 180–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2018.02.003

Tanwar S P S, Singh A K and Joshi N. 2010. Changing environment and sustained crop production: A challenge for agronomy. Journal of Arid Legumes 7(2): 91–100.