Microbial priming for in situ management of paddy straw and its effects on soil microbiological properties under rice-wheat cropping system

AJAY KUMAR; SURENDER SINGH; YASHBIR SINGH SHIVAY; SHRILA DAS; LATA NAIN

doi:10.56093/ijas.v89i9.93513

Authors

AJAY KUMAR PhD Research Scholar, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
SURENDER SINGH Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana
YASHBIR SINGH SHIVAY Principal Scientist, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
SHRILA DAS Scientist, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
LATA NAIN Principal Scientist, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v89i9.93513

Keywords:

Biodiversity, Fungal consortium, In situ incorporation, Microbial activity, Rice straw

Abstract

The rice-wheat cropping sequence is the major cropping system of India, which generates large quantities of crop residues. The disposal of paddy straw becomes a major concern in the rice belt of India, as it is burnt to clear the field for succeeding wheat crop. Incorporation of the residues in soil is not feasible because of insufficient time between harvesting of the rice and sowing of wheat, and immobilization of the nitrogen, which causes a reduction in the subsequent crop yield. Microbial interventions to accelerate the degradation may be a viable option for the effective management of farm residues. In this study, a field experiment including three treatments: residues removal (absolute control) and straw retention (@3t/ha) with/without inoculation of fungal consortium was undertaken at the farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during 2017-18. Application of fungal consortium (Coprinopsis cineria LA2 and Cyathus stercoreus ITCC 3745) alongwith straw incorporation resulted in a significant increase in the population of microbes. Higher activities of dehydrogenase (8.13 Î¼g TPF /g/d), Carboxymethyl cellulase (0.46 IU/g of soil/d), xylanase (0.06 IU/g of soil/ d), FDA hydrolase (4.31Î¼g fluorescein released /g/h) and alkaline phosphatase (242.98 Î¼g PNP/g/h) enzymes were recorded in the soil of fungal consortium treated plot. Microbial intervention in residue management increased CO2 emission two to three fold within 15-60 days which indicates the role of inoculation in hastening the degradation process. Therefore, microbial priming can be a suitable option for in situ management of paddy straw.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Anderson J P. 1982. Soil respiration, pp 831-71. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2–Chemical and Microbiological Properties. (Eds) Weaver R W, Angle J S and Bottomley P S. American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Soil Science Society of America, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c41

Inc.Wisconsin.

Atlas R M. 2010. Handbook of Microbiological Media. 4th ed. CRC press, NW, FL (USA). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/EBK1439804063

Beri V, Sidhu B S, Bahl G S and Bhat A K. 1995. Nitrogen and phosphorus transformations as affected by crop residue

management practices and their influence on crop yield. Soil Use and Management 11(2): 51–54.

Bhatia A, Pathak H, Jain N, Singh P K and Singh A K. 2005. Global warming potential of manure amended soils under

rice–wheat system in the Indo-Gangetic plains. Atmospheric Environment 39(37): 6976–84.

Casida Jr L, Klein D and Santoro T. 1964. Soil dehydrogenase activity. Soil Science 98(6): 371–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-196412000-00004

Ceccanti B, Pezzarossa B, Gallardo-Lancho F and Masciandaro G. 1993. Biotests as markers of soil utilization and fertility. Geomicrobiology Journal 11(3-4): 309–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01490459309377960

Deng S and Tabatabai M. 1994. Cellulase activity of soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26(10): 1347–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(94)90216-X

Dhiman S D, Nandal D P and Hari Om. 2000. Productivity of rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system as affected by its residue management and fertility levels. Indian Journal of Agronomy 45: 1–5.

Eivazi F and Tabatabai M. 1988. Glucosidases and galactosidases in soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 20(5): 601–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(88)90141-1

Frankenberger W and Dick W. 1983. Relationships between enzyme activities and microbial growth and activity indices in soil1. Soil Science Society of America Journal 47(5): 945–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1983.03615995004700050021x

Gaind S and Nain L. 2007. Chemical and biological properties of wheat soil in response to paddy straw incorporation and its biodegradation by fungal inoculants. Biodegradation 18(4): 495–503. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-006-9082-6

Green V, Stott D and Diack M. 2006. Assay for fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity: optimization for soil samples. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38(4): 693–701. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.06.020

Kanazawa S and Miyashita K. 1986. A modified method for determination of cellulase activity in forest soil. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 32(1): 71–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1986.10557482

Mahajan A and Gupta R D. 2009. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) in a Sustainable rice-wheat Cropping System. pp 109–117. Springer Science and Business Media. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9875-8_7

Miller G L. 1959. Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Analytical chemistry 31(3): DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60147a030

–28.

Nain L, Singh S, Adak A, Kumar A, Abiraami T V,Shivay Y S and Das S. 2018. Microbial priming- alternative to straw burning. ICAR news Oct-Dec: 10–11.

Nannipieri P. 1994. The potential use of soil enzymes as indicators of productivity, sustainability and pollution, pp 238–244. Soil Biota Management in Sustainable Farming Systems. (Eds) Pankhurst C E, Double B M, Gupta V V S R and Grace P R. CSIRO, East Melbourne.

Nelson N. 1944. A photometric adaptation of the Somogyi method for the determination of glucose. Journal of Biological Chemistry 153(2): 375–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)71980-7

Panse V G and Sukhatme PV. 1954. Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers. ICAR, New Delhi, India.

Roldán A, Salinas-García J R, Alguacil M M, Diaz E and Caravaca F. 2005. Soil enzyme activities suggest advantages

of conservation tillage practices in sorghum cultivation under subtropical conditions. Geoderma 129(3-4): 178–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.12.042

Sannathimmappa H G, Gurumurthy B R, Jayadeva H M, Rajanna and Shivanna M B. 2015. Effective recycling of paddy straw through microbial degradation for enhancing grain and straw yield in Rice. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences 8(1): 70–73

Sidhu B S and Beri V. 1989. Effect of crop residue management on yields of different crops and soil properties. Biological Wastes 27: 15–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7483(89)90027-X

Singh S and Nain L. 2014. Microorganisms in the conversion of agricultural wastes to compost. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 80(2): 473–81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16943/ptinsa/2014/v80i2/4

Singh Y and Sidhu H S. 2014. Management of cereal crop residues for sustainable rice-wheat production system in the Indo-Gangetic plains of India. Proceedings of Indian National Science Academy 80(1): 95–114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16943/ptinsa/2014/v80i1/55089

Stott D E, Andrews S S, Liebig M A, Wienhold B J and Karlen D L. 2010. Evaluation of β-glucosidase activity as a soil quality indicator for the soil management assessment framework. Soil Science Society of America Journal 74(1): 107–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0029

Stotzky G. 1965. Microbial respiration, pp 1550–72. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. (Ed) Page A L.American society of agronomy, soil science society of America, Madison, Wisconsin. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.c62

Tabatabai M and Bremner J. 1969. Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 1(4): 301–07. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(69)90012-1

Teather R M and Wood P J. 1982. Use of Congo red-polysaccharide interactions in enumeration and characterization of cellulolytic bacteria from the bovine rumen. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 43(4): 777–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.43.4.777-780.1982

Walia U S, Kumar N, Brar H S and Brar L S. 1999. Effect of straw burning and depth of ash incorporation on efficacy of

Isoproturan against Phalaris minor Retz. wheat. Indian Journal of Weed Science 31: 225–28.