Influence of external calcium on the toxicity oflow PH and Phosphamidon in relation to ionicregulation of Cyprinus carpio var.communis(Linnaeus, 1758)

Abstract

Fingerlings of Cyprinus carpio were exposed to low pH (Treatment I), low pHwith high calcium (Treatment II), phosphamidon (Treatment III) andphosphamidon with high calcium (Treatment IV) for a period of 24 h. At theend of 24 h, plasma sodium, potassium, and chloride levels were estimated. InTreatment I and II, sodium and chloride levels decreased. A similar decreasein sodium and chloride levels were observed in treatment III and IV also. Plasmapotassium levels increased in all the treatments. The alteration in the abovesaid parameters were minimum in acid plus calcium treatment andphosphamidon with calcium treatment.  The significant alteration in the elec-trolyte levels serve as a biomarker of pollutant exposure and effects. The   prob-able reasons are interpreted and discussed.