Effect of solid state fermentation on nutrient composition of selected feed
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Authors
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Imelda Joseph
Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P.O., Cochin - 682 018, India
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R Paulraj
Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P.O., Cochin - 682 018, India
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D Bhatnagar
Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P.O., Cochin - 682 018, India
Abstract
Solid-state cultivation of the fungus
Aspergillus niger and the bacterium Bacillus coagulans
was carried out to enrich the
nutritional value of plant ingredients like soybean meal, mixed ingredients and wheat bran to use as aquafeed ingredients.
Fermentation of soybean meal (FSBM) using
B. coagulans
for 48 h resulted in significant (p<0.05) increase in the crude
protein content (@ 3 to 7%) with concurrent decrease in nitrogen free extract (NFE) (11 to 16 %). Among the essential
amino acids, valine (7%), isoleucine (2%), leucine (2%), lysine (93%) and tryptophan (42%) showed substantial increases in
FSBM after 48 h. Solid state fermentation (SSF) of ingredient mix using
A. niger
NCIM 616 resulted in initial reduction of
crude protein content during the first 48 h followed by significant (p<0.05) increase of 4 to 14% during the course of
fermentation. The crude fat content showed a 35% increase in 96 h. Nitrogen free extract though increased marginally (4%)
at 48 h showed significant reduction (17%) at 96 h. A marginal increase in arginine, valine and methionine levels were also
observed in the fermented ingredient mix (FIM). Solid state fermentation of wheat bran using
A. niger S1
4 (a mangrove
isolate) had resulted in substantial increase in crude protein level (57 to 66%) as compared to that of raw wheat bran. The
carbohydrate content in wheat bran showed substantial reduction (75 to 39%) during the course of fermentation. Essential
amino acids like, histidine, threonine, valine, isoleucine and lysine showed increase during SSF. The results of the present
study show that
B. coagulans and the selected strains of A. niger
can be used for nutritional enrichment of plant ingredients
for further use in aquafeed formulations.
