Principal component analysis of morphological traits in Kadaknath chicken under intensive system in Himachal Pradesh
Analysis of morphological traits in Kadaknath chicken
148
Authors
-
Krishanender Dinesh
CSKHPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh-176062, India.
Author
-
V Sankhyan
CSKHPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh-176062, India.
Author
-
D Thakur
CSKHPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh-176062, India.
Author
-
R Kumar
CSKHPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh-176062, India.
Author
-
S Katoch
CSKHPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh-176062, India.
Author
Keywords:
Body measurement, Body weight, Kadaknath, Phenotypic correlationAbstract
The present study aims to explore the relationship among morphological measurements in Kadaknath chicken and identifying the factors that determines body conformation through application of principal component analysis. Morphometric measurements viz. body weight, comb length, keel length, body length, back length, breast girth, radius ulna length, shank length, shank circumference, tail length and breast angle were recorded at 24 week of age. Mean for morphological parameters viz. 24 week body weight, comb length, keel length, body length, back length, breast girth, radius ulna length, shank length, shank circumference, tail length and breast angle were 1215.25 g, 3.11 cm, 10.97 cm, 33.0 cm, 18.33 cm, 28.30 cm, 8.44 cm, 8.57 cm, 3.89 cm, 15.5 cm and 55.57o respectively. Phenotypic correlation among traits were positive and significant and varied from 0.277 (back length and shank circumference) to 0.835 (body weight and breast girth). Among all the correlations, correlation of back length with other morphological measurement were observed to be lowest, while correlation of body weight with other morphological traits were found to be highest. Principal component analysis revealed two principal components and cumulatively accounted for 73.525% of the overall variability present in the parameters. The first principal component (PC1) explained greatest proportion of variance (63.816 %) and had high loading on keel length (0.879), breast girth (0.866), body weight (0.841), body length (0.819), tail length (0.683) and shank circumference (0.682). Whereas PC 2 explained only 9.708% of the total variance and showed high loading on back length (0.820), shank length (0.817) and radius ulna length (0.749). Therefore, principal component analysis is a useful method for evaluation that aids in lowering the number of traits required to define the body conformation in Kadaknath chicken.
Downloads
References
Adeleke, M. A., Peters, S. O., Ozoje, M. O., Ikeobi, C. O., Bamgbose, A. M. and Adebambo, O. A. 2011. Genetic parameter estimates for body weight and linear body measurements in pure and crossbred progenies of Nigerian indigenous chickens. Livestock Research for Rural development 23(1).
Ahmad, S., Mahmud, A., Hussain, J. and Javed, K. 2019. Morphometric traits, serum chemistry and antibody response of three chicken genotypes under free-range, semi-intensive and intensive housing systems. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0921
Ajayi, F. O., Ejiofor, O. and Ironkwe, M. O. 2008. Estimation of body weight from body measurements in two commercial meat type chicken. Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences 7(1): 57–59.
Ajayi, O. O., Adeleke, M. A., Sanni, M. T., Yakubu, A., Peters, S. O., Imumorin, I. G., Ozoje, M. O., Ikeobi, C. O. N. and Adebambo, O. A. 2012. Application of principal component and discriminant analyses to morpho-structural indices of indigenous and exotic chickens raised under intensive management system. Tropical Animal Health and Production 44(6):1247–1254.
Bartlett, M. S. 1950. Tests of significance in factor analysis. British Journal of Psychology 3: 77–85.
Chineke, C. A., Agaviezor, B., Ikeobi, C. O. N. and Ologun, A. G. 2002. Some factors affecting body weight and measurements of rabbit at pre and post weaning ages. Pp. 1-3 in Proc. 27th Annual Conference of Nigeria Society for Animal Production, Akure, Nigeria.
Dalal, D. S., Ratwan, P., Malik, B. S., Patil, C. S. and Kumar, M. 2020. Principal component analysis of morphological traits of synthetic White Leghorn chicken. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 90 (11): 1551-1555.
Delgado, J. V., Barba, C., Camacho, M. E., Sereno, F. T. P. S., Martinez, A. and Vega-Pla, J. L. 2001. Characterization of domestic animals in Spain. Animal Genetic Resources Information 29: 7-18.
Egena, S. S. A., Ijaiya, A., Ogah, D. M. and Aya, V. E. 2014. Principal component analysis of body measurements in a population of indigenous Nigerian chickens raised under extensive management system. Slovak Journal of Animal Science 47(2): 77–82.
Fayeye, T. R., Hagan, J. K. and Obadare, A. R. 2014. Morphometric traits and correlation between body weight and body size traits in Isa Brown and Ilorin Ecotype chickens. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science 4(3): 609-614.
Francesch, A., Villalba, I. and Cartana, M. 2011. Methodology for morphological characterization of chicken and its application to compare Penedesenca and Empordanesa breeds. Animal Genetic Resources 48: 79–84.
Johnson, R. A. and Wichern, D. W. 1982. Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.
Jollifie, I. 2022. Principal component analysis 2002; 2nd edition Springer.
Kaiser, H. 1960. The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement 20:141–151.
Kumar, M., Dahiya, S., Ratwan, P. and Sheoran, N. 2022. Evaluation of morphological traits in Aseel and Kadaknath breeds under backyard poultry farming using principal component analysis. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences 46(2): 356-365.
Maciejowski, J. and Zeiba, T. 1982. Genetics and Animal Breeding. Amsterdam-Oxford-New York, PWN-Polish scientific publishers, Warszama.
Mohan, J., Sastry, K. V. H., Moudgal, R. P. and Tyagi, J. S. 2008. Performance profile of Kadaknath desi hens under normal rearing system. International Journal of Poultry Science 43: 379–381.
Padhi, M. K. 2016. Importance of indigenous breeds of chicken for rural economy and their improvements for higher production performance. Scientifica Article ID 2604685, 9 pages
Rao, G.V. and Thomas, P.C. 1984. The breed characteristics of Kadaknath breed of indigenous (Desi) chicken. Avian Research 68: 55–57.
Saikhom, R., Sahoo, A. K., Taraphder, S., Pan, S., Sarkar, U., Ghosh, P. R., Bhattacharya, D. and Baidya, S. 2017. Principal component factor analysis of morphostructural traits of Haringhata black chickens. Indian Journal of Animal Health 56(2): 211–218.
Saikhom, R., Sahoo, A. K., Taraphder, S., Pan, S., Sarkar, U., Ghosh, P. R., Bhattacharya, D. and Baidya, S. 2018. Principal component analysis of morphological traits of Haringhata Black chickens in an organized farm. Exploratory Animal and Medical Research 8(1): 64-68.
Semacula, J., Lusembo, P., Kugonza, D.R., Mutetikka, D., Ssennyonjo, J. and Mwesigwa, M. 2011. Estimation of live body weight using zoometrical measurements for improved marketing of indigenous chicken in the lake Victoria basin of Uganda. Livestock Research for Rural development 23 Article #170.
Udeh, I. and Ogbu, C. C. 2011. Principal component analysis of body measurements in three strains of broiler chicken. Science World Journal 6(2): 11–14.
Yakubu, A., Kuje, D. and Okpeku, M. 2009. Principal components as measures of size and shape in Nigerian indigenous chickens. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science 42(3): 167-176.