EFFECT OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) COB BASED TOTAL MIXED RATION IN GROWING CALVES

M. Elanchezhiyan; K. Ayyappan; M. Ramachandran; K. Shibi Thomas

doi:10.56093/ijvasr.v53i4.157999

Authors

M. Elanchezhiyan PG Student, Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu - 614 625, Thanjavur
K. Ayyappan Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu - 614 625, Thanjavur
M. Ramachandran 3Professor and Head, Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu - 614 625, Thanjavur
K. Shibi Thomas Professor and Head, Livestock Farm Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu - 614 625, Thanjavur

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijvasr.v53i4.157999

Keywords:

Digestibility, Growing calves, Growth performances, In vitro, Maize cob, Paddy straw, Total Mixed Ration

Abstract

The present study was conducted to study the effect of maize (Zea mays) cob on replacing paddy straw in the Total Mixed Ration (TMR). Twelve cross bred calves of about 5 to 8 months of age with body weight ranging from 41 to 79 kg were divided into two groups of six each in completely randomized design. Five complete diets were prepared (TMR1 to TMR5) using maize cobs at the level of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% replacement of paddy straw in the diets containing 12 % CP and 60 % TDN of 50:50 concentrate to roughage ratio. There was significant (P<0.01) differences among the diets in OM, CF, NFE, TA, AIA, NDF, ADF, Lignin, Hemicellulose and Cellulose contents. In vitro rumen fermentation study showed significantly (P<0.01) higher total gas (ml/200 mg/48 h), in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability in maize cob based ration than paddy straw contained ration (51.17 vs 36.00; 62.87 vs 57.25; 64.80 vs 59.93). Paddy straw (100%) based diet as control ration and maize cob (100 % replacement of paddy straw) based diet as treatment ration fed to growing calves for sixty days in growth trial. A seven day digestion trial was conducted in the middle of the experiment. The digestibility (%) of DM, OM, CP, EE, CF and NFE were significantly (P<0.01) higher in the maize cob based diet fed group than paddy straw based diet fed group. The average body weight gain (kg) and FCR (kg DMI/ kg gain) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in maize cob fed animals (19.47; 6.10) than paddy straw fed animals (16.02; 7.34). The feed cost per unit of weight gain in calves fed paddy straw based diet was numerically higher (30.78 %) than calves fed on maize cob based ration. It could be concluded that maize cob based ration could replace paddy straw at 100 % level in total mixed ration without affecting feed intake and nutrient digestibility and may also improve the body weight gain and reduce feed cost in growing calves.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

* 20th Livestock Census (2019). Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Govt. of India.

Anjum, M.I. and Afzal, M. (2015). Influence of substituting wheat straw with corncobs in fattening rations for growth rate and nutrient digestibility in buffalo calves. Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 25(5): 1216 – 1221.

AOAC. (1999). Official methods of analysis.17th edition.5th rev. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Arlington, VA, United States.

Ayyappan, K. and Tomar, S.K. (2006). Evaluation of faecal inoculum for estimating digestibility of feedstuffs. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 23(1): 59 - 62.

Azim, A., Khan, A.G., Nadeem, M.A. and Mirza, M.A. (2000). Substitution of wheat straw with corn cobs in total mixed diets for buffalo heifers. Buffalo Journal, 3: 251 - 257.

Farooq, J., Sharma, R. K., Rastogi, A. and Barman, K. (2015). Effect of replacement of wheat straw with maize cobs with or without physico-chemical treatment on degradation of dry matter, truly digestible organic matter and production of microbial biomass of composite ration in vitro using goat rumen liquor. Journal of Animal Research, 5(3): 501 - 510.

ICAR. (2013). Nutrients requirements of cattle and buffalo. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.

IGFRI Vision. (2050). Indian grassland and fodder research institute, pp. 7 – 23.

Kavya, P.S., Prabhu, T.M., Pradeep, R.R., Gloridoss, G., Singh, K.C., Suresh B.N. and Siddalingamurthy, H.K. (2018). Nutritional evaluation of spent maize (Zea mays) cobs as roughage source in sheep feeding. Indian Journal of Small Ruminants, 24(1): 57 - 61.

Kerley, M.S., Kinser, A.R., Firkins, J.L., Fahey Jr G.C. and Berger, L.L. (1985). Effects of roughage particle size on site of nutrient digestion and digesta flow through the gastrointestinal tract of sheep fed corncob-concentrate diets. Journal of Animal Science, 61(2): 504 - 513.

Menke, K.H. and Steingass, H. (1988). Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development, 28: 7 - 55.

Nagalakshmi, D. and Reddy, D. N. (2008). On farm evaluation of expander-extruder processed complete diet containing maize cobs in Murrah buffaloes. The Indian Journal of Veterinary Research, 17(1): 37- 43.

Pradeep, R. (2015). Nutritional evaluation of maize (Zea mays) cob shank based total mixed ration in growing lambs. M. V. Sc. Thesis. Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, India.

Sachin, S. S., Sanjay, G. C., Prabhu, T. M., Umashankar, B. C., Singh, K. C., Siddalingamurthy, H. K., Madhusudhan, H.S. and Gouri, M. D. (2023). Comparative Evaluation of Extruded Complete Feeds based on Finger Millet (Eleusinecoracana) Straw, Areca (Areca catechu) Sheath and Maize (Zea mays) Cob in Mandya Lambs. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 1(7).

Senani, S., Sharath, B.S., Elangovan, A.V., Samanta, A.K. and Kolte, A. P. (2013). Use of spent maize cobs as source of roughage in the ration of Bandur lambs. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 83(11): 1207 - 1209.

Shashikumar, M.G., Prabhu, T.M., Gloridoss, R.G., Singh, K.C., Suresh, B.N., Siddalingamurthy, H. K. and Manjunatha, S.S. (2017). Effect of feeding maize (Zea mays) husk and cob based complete feed block on feed intake, nutrient utilization and growth in Mandya sheep. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 34(2): 135 - 139.

Singh, K., Singh, J. and Kumar, S. (2018). A sustainable environmental study on corn cob ash subjected to elevated temperature. Current World Environment, 13(1): 144.

Singh, S., Sharma, R. K., Rastogi, A. and Khan, N. (2022). Variability in the Nutritional Value of Paddy Straw (Oryza sativa) varieties. Journal of Livestock Science, (13).

SPSS. (2008). Statistical packages for social sciences. Ver.17.0, SPSS Inc., Illinois, United States.

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, (2023). Price Forecasting Scheme of the Centre for Agricultural and Rural Development Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.

Van Soest, P. V., Robertson, J. B. and Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10): 3583-3597.

Wachirapakorn, C., Pilachai. K., Wanapat, M., Pakdee, P. and Cherdthong, A. (2016). Effect of ground corn cobs as a fiber source in total mixed ration on feed intake, milk yield and milk composition in tropical lactating crossbred Holstein cows. Animal Nutrition, 2(4): 334 - 338.