Synergism and antagonism among the fungi grown in honeydew secretion on leaf surface of Nagpur mandarin
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Authors
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V.K. SRIVASTAVA* and R.P. THAKRE
Department of Botany, Nagpur University Campus, Nagpur 440 010
Keywords:
Antagonism, honeydew, mould complex, mycoparasitism, phyllosphere, sooty mould, Citrus reticulata.Abstract
Certain insect infestation results in honeydew secretion, which governs the development of the synergistic association by altering the leaf surface in such a way that it becomes suitable for colonization by sooty mould in association with several other saprophytic fungi. This situation was created on the leaf surface of citrus by certain honeydew secreting insects, viz., citrus black fly (Aleurocanthus woglumi), citrus whitefly (Dialeurodes citri) and citrus psylla (Diaphorina citri). They played asynergistic role by providing a platform coupled with required nutrients to form honeydew on the citrus leaf surface for the growth of the sooty moulds, along with other saprophytic phylloplane fungi. The second type of synergism observed was between and among the saprophytic fungi colonized over the honeydew on the citrus leaf surface. The prominent sooty mould fungus was Capnodium citri. It absorbed the nutrients from insect honeydew from the citrus leaf surface and was a pioneer colonizer and addedfungal biomass to it. There were further additions in the quantum of sooty mould biomass by the other black or brown fungi viz., Alternaria alternata, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Cladosporium oxysporum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides [Glomerella cingulata], Curvularia spp., Hansfordia nebularis, Nodulisporium sp. and Torula allii, and in association they formed sooty mould complex. H. nebularis inhibited the growth of C. oxysporum when grown separately, but did not affect the growth of the other membersof the sooty mould complex. Antagonism between the fungi of the sooty mould complex and other saprophytes was also observed in vitro. The prominent antagonist among all the mycoflora was T. viride. It was antagonistic to all the members of the sooty mould complex.
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