Drought stress and preharvest seed invasion of selected groundnut genotypes by Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination
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Authors
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SALEHA NAHDI
Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, P.O. Box No. 13236, Sana'a, Yemen
Keywords:
Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin, irrigation treatments, groundnut genotypesAbstract
In 1987-88 in the post-rainy season, 4 groundnut genotypes, TMV2, NcAc 17090, Robut 33-1 and Ec 76446 (292), were subjected to early and mid-season drought stress by withholding irrigation in Yemen. At harvest, seeds from replicate plots were tested for infection by A. flavus and for contamination with aflatoxins. All drought stress treatments in all 4 genotypes showed significantly increased seed infection with A. flavus, with Ec 76446 (292) showing higher infection levels than the others. No aflatoxin contamination was found in any genotype from any treatment. In the 1988-89 post-rainy season A. flavus infection susceptible genotypes (TMV 2, Ec 76446 (292) and NcAc 17090) and genotypes with testa resistance (J 11 and PI 337394F) were grown in replicated field trials. Drought stress was caused by withholding irrigation from 95 to 125 days after sowing (DAS). Drought stress increased A. flavus infection in seeds of all 5 genotypes. TMV 2, Ec 76446 (292) and NcAc 17090 had higher levels of A. flavus seed infection than J 11 or PI 337394 F. Aflatoxin contamination was higher in seed from drought stressed crops than from those receiving full irrigation.
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