Antifungal activity of essential oils and plant extracts against Corticium salmonicolor, the incitant of pink canker in apple
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Authors
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DURGA PRASHAD*, VED RAM, I.M. SHARMA and SUSHMA SHARMA
Keywords:
Apple, botanicals, essential oils, growth inhibition, pink canker (Corticium salmonicolor Berk. & Br.)Abstract
Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is one of the most important fruit crops grown in the temperate region of the world. Pink canker caused by Corticium salmonicolor Berk & Br. has been predominant and destructive disease causing up to 80-90 per cent losses in Kullu and Rajgarh areas of Himachal Pradesh, India. Looking into high disease severity, it was proposed to evaluate the efficacy of different botanicals and essential oils against Corticium salmonicolor. Out of thirteen plant oils tested under in vitro conditions, three namely Olea cuspidata, Cymbopogon citratus and Brassica juncea var. cunefolia oil at 100, 250, 500 and 750 ppm provided complete (100%) growth inhibition of Corticium salmonicolor, followed by Eugenia caryophyllata (94.14%), Azadirachta indica (85.81%) and Ocimum sanctum (84.11%), respectively. Among twenty botanicals tested, aqueous extracts of Adhatoda vasica and a combinations of cow urine + darek seed + bana leaf + walnut leaf + Artimisia sp.(1:1:1:1:1), cow urine + darek seed + bana leaf + walnut leaf + Artimisia sp + kadu (1:1:1:1:1:1) at 10, 20, 50 and 100 per cent provided complete growth inhibition of Corticium salmonicolor under in vitro conditions followed by combination of cow urine + darek + bana + walnut leaves (94.47%), and cow urine + darek + eucalyptus + bougainvellia (95.37%). Oils of Brassica juncea var. cunefolia provided maximum wound recovery (81.27%) when applied as paint against C. salmonicolor under field conditions for two consecutive years (2011 & 2012) followed by Olea europea (75.83%) with more than 10 mm callus formation respectively. Combination of cow urine + Melia azedarach + Vitex negundo + Artimisia roxburghiana + Juglans regia + Roylea elegans (1:1:1:1:1:1) resulted maximum wound recovery (58.54%) followed by combination of cow urine + Melia azedarach + Vitex negundo + Artimisia roxburghiana + Juglans regia (1:1:1:1:1) (55.44%) with a callus formation of 5-10 mm respectively. Hence application of essential oils and botanicals may be an important substitute for eco-friendly management of pink canker of apple.
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