Integrated crop disease management in southern Rajasthan: ecofriendly practices in tune with biocontrol
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Authors
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PRASHANT P. JAMBHULKAR
Keywords:
Antagonism, bioagents, biocontrol, TrichodermaAbstract
The goal of integrated disease management is to reduce the economic and aesthetic damage caused by plant diseases. With the increasing environmental awareness, the focus has been shifted towards the search for viable alternatives of disease control methods. The various disease management practices like soil treatment with antagonistic fungus, organic manure, cakes; seed treatment with fungicides, Trichoderma spp., antagonistic bacteria like Bacillus subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens and P. fluorescens, plant extracts; delivery methods like seed treatments, seedling root dip and spray of antagonistic bacteria and microclimatic manipulation to prevent disease causing spores, etc. were experimentally practiced. In case of tomato crop affected by early blight caused by Alternaria solani, Tomato-marigold intercropping-plastic mulching treatment (T+M+P) showed significant reduction in disease intensity by 35.4-38.9% as compared to tomato crop alone. Management practice for rhizome rot in ginger, caused by Pythium aphanidermatum, Fusarium spp and Rhizoctonia solani complex was studied and farmers were advised to do hot water treatment (50°C for 30 min) + seed treatment with Trichoderma viride + soil application with neem cake followed by drenching with suspension of neem oil or ridomil MZ. The role of weather parameters on incidence of parawilt and its management was assessed. In another study, we assessed the synergism in consortia application of Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens against rice blast and bacterial leaf blight of rice. Garlic extract (10%) against leaf spot diseases in groundnut was found very effective and at the same time stem and root rot complex in groundnut and wet root rot were also managed by application of T. harzianum Th3. The success of these ecofriendly measures essentially emphasised our research needs to reassess the ecofriendly system of plant disease management.
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