Current Research in Bladder Cancer Animal Models- Review

Abstract

 Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract in Homo sapiens.  Recurrent high-grade non-muscle invasive BC carries a significant risk of progression and subsequent metastases. The most common preclinical mouse model of bladder cancer is based on administration of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN). Mouse and rat models simulate the natural environment of bladder cancer with intact pathological and immunological responses. A robust preclinical model should fully reflect the morphological and biological characteristics of the tumor of the respective origin. Although chemical carcinogenic models, genetically engineered mouse cancer models that proved satisfactory with the results of preclinical studies, but immortalized cancer cells grown in an artificial FBS-based environment, increased the study of cancer biology, they could not bridge the gap between laboratory experiments and clinical studies. Several generations of preclinical models have been developed in response to this challenge, including patient-derived xenotransplants, organoids, tumor explants, and genetically engineered mouse models that have emerged as complementary tools in cancer research and drug crime. This statement discusses chemical models of bladder cancer, other factors that cause bladder cancer and futuristic preclinical studies of bladder cancer. Successful preclinical models of bladder cancer can be used to study different aspects of tumor progression and provide a platform for developing new treatment regimens and validating the therapeutic potential of promising new drug candidates, possibly for patient-tailored therapy.