Overcoming Risks Associated with Cropping Systems Intensification in the Coastal Zone of the Ganges Delta

R.W. BELL; MD. MAZHARUL ANWAR; E.G.  BARRETT-LENNARD; KOUSHIK  BRAHMACHARI; RUPAK  GOSWAMI; MD.  MANIRUZZAMAN; MARTA MONJARDINO; S.K. SARANGI; M. MAINUDDIN

doi:10.54894/JISCAR.42.1.2024.147818

Authors

R.W. BELL Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA - 6150, Australia
MD. MAZHARUL ANWAR Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur - 1701, Bangladesh
E.G. BARRETT-LENNARD Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA - 6150, Australia
KOUSHIK BRAHMACHARI Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur - 741 252, West Bengal, India
RUPAK GOSWAMI Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Narendrapur, Kolkata - 700 103, West Bengal, India
MD. MANIRUZZAMAN Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur - 1701, Bangladesh
MARTA MONJARDINO CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Waite, Adelaide, SA - 5064 Australia
S.K. SARANGI ICAR-Central Institute for Women in Agriculture (CIWA), Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India
M. MAINUDDIN CSIRO Environment, Canberra, ACT - 2601, Australia

https://doi.org/10.54894/JISCAR.42.1.2024.147818

Keywords:

Drainage, Dry season, Early sowing, Heat stress, Mulch, Salinity, Storms, Waterlogging

Abstract

Along with other Asian Mega deltas, the Ganges Delta, and its Coastal zone, are attracting increased attention due to the threats posed by climate change and the extent of rural poverty, juxtaposed against the potential for systems intensification and improved livelihoods. While it is a salt-affected zone, the constraints to systems intensification are many and they often interact (drought-salinity, waterlogging-salinity, heat stress). Moreover, the expression and intensity of these constraints can change throughout the year, particularly during the dry/Rabi season, from year to year, and from location to location. Improved rice varieties that mature 10 to 15 days earlier and increase yield by 0.5-1 t ha^-1are a foundational change that enables cropping systems intensification in the Coastal zone in the dry season. Sowing Rabi season crops earlier (before mid-December) increases their yield potential and decreases the risk associated with many constraints which intensify towards the end of the dry season (low solute potential, waterlogging and salinity, heat stress, storms). However, early sowing of Rabi season crops increases the risk of early waterlogging and that needs to be managed by drainage. Scarcity of freshwater continues to be a major constraint to dry season cropping. Short duration crops (e.g. vegetables, watermelon), water-saving technologies (e.g. mulch, drip irrigation) and restricted planting of dry-season Boro rice (to areas with adequate freshwater) are needed for resilience of the cropping systems intensification. Community-based management of water resources for both drainage and equitable allocation of freshwater needs to be part of intensification plans. Within the Coastal zone, there is considerable diversity of land type, freshwater resource availability, and farm type which need to be recognized in scale-out programs. Disaster preparedness needs to be embedded in any scale-out plans for systems intensification since the risk of land and water salinization from storm surges is real and enduring.

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