Genetic variability and phylogenetic analysis of the Insulin Like Growth Factor gene in ten goat breeds
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Keywords:
Goat, Genetic variability, IFG1, PhylogenyAbstract
This study aims to evaluate genetic variability in the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene among ten goat breeds.
Gene sequences for the IGF1 gene from ten goat breeds viz., Sirohi, Barbari, Black Bengal, Attappady Black, Malabari,
Assam Hill, Zaraibi, San Clemente, Tibetan, and Shiba, were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology
Information (NCBI). Sequences were aligned using ClustalW and analyzed with BioEdit software. Phylogenetic
relationships were assessed using MEGA software, incorporating additional IGF1 sequences from various Bovidae
and Cervidae species. The analysis revealed eleven polymorphic sites within intron-3 of the IGF1 gene, with three
transitions and eight transversions. All identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were novel, except for
a G>C mutation at bp position 5752, which was consistent with previous studies. Goat breeds displayed a genetic
distance of 0.000, indicating identical or nearly identical IGF1 sequences, while Ovis aries and Bos taurus also
showed a close genetic relationship. Ovis dalli and other bovine species exhibited moderate genetic divergence,
with more distant relationships observed in species such as Pseudois nayaur and Budorcas taxicolor. Phylogenetic
analysis confirmed the close genetic similarity among the examined goat breeds and highlighted their evolutionary
relationships within the broader group of ruminants. These findings noted close relationships between Bos taurus
and Capra hircus and high homology of caprine IGF1 with other ruminants. This study provides insights into the
genetic variability of the IGF1 gene and its implications for improving growth traits in goats.
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